发布/订阅模式(Publish/Subscribe):将消息发送给多个消费者。做到一次发布,消费多个。RabbitMQ不会直接通过生产者发送到消息给队列,而是生产者只会发送消息到exchange 交换机,exchange接收消息,把消息推送到消息队列中。exchange必须知道如何处理接收到的消息 ,推送到哪个队列中,还是放弃,这个是由它的类型来决定 。
exchange有四种类型:fanout,direct,topic,headers
发布订阅模式使用fanout类型,fanout消息类型可以把消息广播到所有队列中。
P:消息的生产者
C:消息的消费者
红色:队列
X:交换机
1. pom.xml引入rabbitmq依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.13.1</version>
</dependency>
2. 生产者
public class Producer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建链接
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
// 创建Connection
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try {
connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("生产者");
channel = connection.createChannel();
String message = "hello message";
String exchangeName = "fanout-exchange"; //交换机名称
String type = "fanout"; //交换机类型
// 创建交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, type, true);
//创建队列
// 队列名称,是否持久化,是否独占,是否自动删除(当最后一条消息消费完毕后自动删除),附加属性
channel.queueDeclare("fanout-queue1", true, false, false, null);
channel.queueDeclare("fanout-queue2", true, false, false, null);
// 绑定交换机
channel.queueBind("fanout-queue1", exchangeName, "");
channel.queueBind("fanout-queue2", exchangeName, "");
// 发送消息到队列
// exchange,routingKey, props,message body
channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null, message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
System.out.println("消息发送成功");
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (connection != null && connection.isOpen()) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
3. 消费者
public class Consumer {
public static class C implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
// 创建链接
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setUsername("admin");
connectionFactory.setPassword("123456");
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
// 创建Connection
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try {
connection = connectionFactory.newConnection("消费者");
channel = connection.createChannel();
String queueName = thread.getName();
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true,
(consumerTag, message) -> System.out.println(queueName + ":收到消息:" + new String(message.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)),
consumerTag -> System.out.println("消费者取消订阅"));
while (true) {
// 防止程序结束
}
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
try {
channel.close();
} catch (IOException | TimeoutException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (connection != null && connection.isOpen()) {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new C(),"fanout-queue1").start();
new Thread(new C(),"fanout-queue2").start();
}