内容介绍:
细菌觅食优化算法(Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm, BFOA)是一种受细菌群体觅食行为启发的元启发式优化算法。该算法由K. M. Passino于2002年提出,旨在模仿自然界中细菌通过化学趋向性进行营养物质搜寻的行为模式。BFOA通过模拟细菌群体的移动、复制、消除以及分裂等过程来寻找优化问题的最优解。
在BFOA中,每个细菌代表一个潜在的解决方案,并通过以下步骤进行迭代更新:
- 趋化:细菌在一定区域内随机移动,试图接近营养物质(即优化问题的目标)。
- 繁殖:表现较好的细菌被复制,以增加种群中优质解的比例。
- 消亡:部分表现不佳的细菌被消除,以减少种群规模。
- 分散:在特定条件下,细菌会从当前区域分散到新的随机位置,以避免陷入局部最优。
BFOA的优点包括:
- 鲁棒性强:能够在复杂的环境中找到较好的解决方案。
- 自我组织性:通过模拟生物进化过程,算法具有良好的自我调节能力。
- 易于并行化:算法的各个部分可独立执行,适合并行计算环境。
然而,BFOA也存在一些局限性:
- 计算成本较高:尤其是在高维度问题中,迭代次数较多可能导致计算时间较长。
- 参数设置敏感:算法的性能依赖于多个参数的合理设置。
- 容易陷入局部最优:特别是在初始种群多样性不足的情况下。
部分代码:
clear; clc
% (1) Initialization
n = 2; % Dimension of search space
S = 60; % Number of bacteria in the colony
Nc = 25; % Number of chemotactic steps
Ns = 4; % Number of swim steps
Nre= 4; % Number of reproductive steps
Ned= 2; % Number of elimination and dispersal steps
Sr =S/2; % The number of bacteria reproductions (splits) per generation
Ped=0.5; % The probability that each bacteria will be eliminated/dispersed
c(:,1)=0.05*ones(S,1); % the run length unit (the size of the step taken in each run or tumble)
% Initial positions
for m=1:S % the initital posistions
B(1,:,1,1,1)= 10*rand(S,1)';
B(2,:,1,1,1)= 10*rand(S,1)';
end
%% Loops
% (2) Elimination-dispersal loop
for l = 1:Ned
% (3) Reproduction loop
for k = 1:Nre
% (4) Chemotaxis (swim/tumble) loop
for j=1:Nc
% (4.1) Chemotatic step
for i=1:S
% (4.2) Fitness function
J(i,j,k,l) = fitnessBFO(B(:,i,j,k,l));
% (4.3) Jlast
Jlast=J(i,j,k,l);
% (4.4) Tumble
Delta(:,i) = unifrnd(-1,1,n,1);
% (4.5) Move
B(:,i,j+1,k,l)=B(:,i,j,k,l)+c(i,k)*Delta(:,i)/sqrt(Delta(:,i)'*Delta(:,i));
% (4.6) New fitness function
J(i,j+1,k,l)=fitnessBFO(B(:,i,j+1,k,l));
% (4.7) Swimming
m=0; % counter for swim length
while m < Ns
m=m+1;
if J(i,j+1,k,l)<Jlast
Jlast=J(i,j+1,k,l);
B(:,i,j+1,k,l)=B(:,i,j+1,k,l)+c(i,k)*Delta(:,i)/sqrt(Delta(:,i)'*Delta(:,i)) ;
J(i,j+1,k,l)=fitnessBFO(B(:,i,j+1,k,l));
else
m=Ns;
end
end
J(i,j,k,l)=Jlast; %???
end % (4.8) Next bacterium
x = B(1,:,j,k,l);
y = B(2,:,j,k,l);
clf % clears figure
run rose_fungraph.m
plot(x,y,'*','markers',6) % plots figure
axis([-1.5 1.5 -1 3]), axis square
xlabel('x'); ylabel('y')
title('Bacterial Foraging Optimization'); grid on
legend('Rosenbrock function','Bacteria')
pause(.01)
hold on
end % (5) if j < Nc, chemotaxis
% (6) Reproduction
% (6.1) Health
Jhealth=sum(J(:,:,k,l),2); % Set the health of each of the S bacteria
[Jhealth,sortind]=sort(Jhealth);% Sorts bacteria in order of ascending values
B(:,:,1,k+1,l)=B(:,sortind,Nc+1,k,l);
c(:,k+1)=c(sortind,k); % Keeps the chemotaxis parameters with each bacterium at the next generation
% (6.2) Split the bacteria
for i=1:Sr % Sr??
B(:,i+Sr,1,k+1,l)=B(:,i,1,k+1,l); % The least fit do not reproduce, the most fit ones split into two identical copies
c(i+Sr,k+1)=c(i,k+1);
end
end % (7) Loop to go to the next reproductive step
% (8) Elimination-dispersal
for m=1:S
if Ped>rand % % Generate random number
B(1,:,1,1,1)= 50*rand(S,1)';
B(2,:,1,1,1)= .2*rand(S,1)';
else
B(:,m,1,1,l+1)=B(:,m,1,Nre+1,l); % Bacteria that are not dispersed
end
end
end
%% Results
reproduction = J(:,1:Nc,Nre,Ned);
[jlastreproduction,O] = min(reproduction,[],2); % min cost function for each bacterial
[Y,I] = min(jlastreproduction);
pbest = B(:,I,O(I,:),k,l);
display('Best solution:')
display(['x = ' mat2str(pbest(1),2)])
display(['y = ' mat2str(pbest(2),2)])
plot(pbest(1),pbest(2),'ro')
hold off
legend('Rosenbrock function','Bacteria','Best solution')
实验结果:
细菌觅食优化算法matalb源代码:主页欢迎自取,点点关注,非常感谢!