SpringMVC 表单标签进行数据绑定(图书管理实战)

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-17 20:14:13 发布

LinJie98

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-17 20:14:13 发布

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分类专栏： ● Spring全家桶文章标签： SpringMVC 表单标签进行数据绑定

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/w_linux/article/details/80537031

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该篇博客主要通过一个项目Demo来演绎利用SpringMVC的表单标签进行数据绑定的过程

一、场景

书籍的添加
书籍信息的修改
所有书籍的显示功能

二、场景分析

通过SpringMVC的表单标签进行数据绑定

1、实体类

Book类(书籍类)
Category类(书籍类别类)

2、控制器

BookController：允许用户创建新书籍、修改书籍信息、并列出所有书籍

BookController依赖BookService进行一些后台处理

3、Service类

IBookService接口和其实现类

BookServiceImpl类包含一个Book对象的List和一个Category对象的List。这两个List都是在实例化类时生成的。这个类包含了获取所有书籍、获得单个书籍、添加和更新书籍方法

4、配置文件

web.xml配置DispatcherServlet
springmvc配置文件配置(1.扫描包、2.配置视图解析器）

5、view视图

修改页面
添加页面
显示所有书籍页面

三、解决方案

1、项目目录

这里写图片描述

2、实体类(Book、Category)

Book.java

package com.linjie.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
* @author 浅然    xulinjie0105@gmail.com
* @version 创建时间：2018年5月31日 下午2:10:08
* Book实体类
*/
public class Book implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private long id;            //书的id
    private String isbn;        //书的目录
    private String title;       //书的标题
    private Category category;  //书的类别
    private String author;      //书的作者

    public Book() {}
    public Book(long id, String isbn, String title, Category category, String author) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.isbn = isbn;
        this.title = title;
        this.category = category;
        this.author = author;
    }
    /**
     * @return the id
     */
    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    /**
     * @param id the id to set
     */
    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    /**
     * @return the isbn
     */
    public String getIsbn() {
        return isbn;
    }
    /**
     * @param isbn the isbn to set
     */
    public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
        this.isbn = isbn;
    }
    /**
     * @return the title
     */
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    /**
     * @param title the title to set
     */
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }
    /**
     * @return the category
     */
    public Category getCategory() {
        return category;
    }
    /**
     * @param category the category to set
     */
    public void setCategory(Category category) {
        this.category = category;
    }
    /**
     * @return the author
     */
    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }
    /**
     * @param author the author to set
     */
    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }
    /**
     * @return the serialversionuid
     */
    public static long getSerialversionuid() {
        return serialVersionUID;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book [id=" + id + ", isbn=" + isbn + ", title=" + title + ", category=" + category + ", author="
                + author + "]";
    }
}

Category.java

package com.linjie.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
* @author 浅然    xulinjie0105@gmail.com
* @version 创建时间：2018年5月31日 下午2:13:04
* 类别实体类
*/
public class Category implements Serializable{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private int id;         //类别的id
    private String name;    //类别的名称

    public Category() {}
    public Category(int id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    /**
     * @return the id
     */
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    /**
     * @param id the id to set
     */
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    /**
     * @return the name
     */
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    /**
     * @param name the name to set
     */
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    /**
     * @return the serialversionuid
     */
    public static long getSerialversionuid() {
        return serialVersionUID;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Category [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }
}

3、控制器(Controller)

BookController.java

注意：BookController依赖BookService进行一些后台处理,需要利用@Autowired标注用于给BookController注入一个IBookService实现

@Autowired(required=true)

private IBookService iBookService;

package com.linjie.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.linjie.pojo.Book;
import com.linjie.pojo.Category;
import com.linjie.service.IBookService;

/**
* @author 浅然    xulinjie0105@gmail.com
* @version 创建时间：2018年5月31日 下午2:20:33
* 控制器
* 添加书、修改书、保存书、更新书、列出所有书
*/
@Controller
public class BookController {

    @Autowired(required=true)
    private IBookService iBookService;

    //添加书
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book_input")
    public String inputBook(Model model) {
        List<Category> categories = iBookService.getAllCategories();
        model.addAttribute("categories", categories);
        model.addAttribute("book",new Book());
        return "BookAddForm";
    }

    //修改书
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book_edit/{id}")
    public String editBook(Model model,@PathVariable long id) {
        List<Category> categories = iBookService.getAllCategories();
        model.addAttribute("categories",categories);
        Book book = iBookService.get(id);
        model.addAttribute("book",book);
        return "BookEditForm";  
    }

    //保存书
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book_save")
    public String saveBook(@ModelAttribute Book book) {
        Category category = iBookService.getCategory(book.getCategory().getId());
        book.setCategory(category);
        iBookService.save(book);
        return "redirect:/book_list";
    }

    //更新书
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book_update")
    public String updateBook(@ModelAttribute Book book) {
        Category category = iBookService.getCategory(book.getCategory().getId());
        book.setCategory(category);
        iBookService.update(book);
        return "redirect:/book_list";
    }

    //列出所有书
    @RequestMapping(value = "/book_list")
    public String listBooks(Model model) {
        List<Book> books = iBookService.getAllBooks();
        model.addAttribute("books",books);
        return "BookList";
    }
}

4、Service类

IBookService接口

package com.linjie.service;
/**
* @author 浅然    xulinjie0105@gmail.com
* @version 创建时间：2018年5月31日 下午2:21:56
* 接口
*/

import java.util.List;

import com.linjie.pojo.Book;
import com.linjie.pojo.Category;
public interface IBookService {
    List<Category> getAllCategories();  //获取所有类别
    Category getCategory(int id);       //获取某个类别
    List<Book> getAllBooks();           //获取所有书
    Book save(Book book);               //保存某本书
    Book update(Book book);             //更新某本书
    Book get(long id);                  //获取某本书
    long getNextId();                   //添加书时获取id(获取到最后一本书的id+1)
}

BookServiceImpl实现类

package com.linjie.service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.linjie.pojo.Book;
import com.linjie.pojo.Category;

/**
* @author 浅然    xulinjie0105@gmail.com
* @version 创建时间：2018年5月31日 下午2:40:58
* IBookService接口实现类
* 初始化数据、获取所有书的类别、获取某个类别、获取所有书、获取某书、保存书、更新书、添加书时获取id(获取到最后一本书的id+1)
*/
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements IBookService{

    private List<Category> categories;      //书类别集合
    private List<Book> books;               //书的集合

    //初始化数据
    public BookServiceImpl(){
        //类别初始化
        categories = new ArrayList<Category>();
        Category category1 = new Category(1,"Computing");
        Category category2 = new Category(2,"Travel");
        Category category3 = new Category(3,"Health");
        categories.add(category1);
        categories.add(category2);
        categories.add(category3);

        //书本初始化
        books = new ArrayList<Book>();
        books.add(new Book(1L,"9780232231123",
                "Servlet & JSP:A Tutorial",
                category1,"Budi Kurniawan"));
        books.add(new Book(2L,"9780232234456",
                "Effective Java:A Tutorial",
                category1,"Joshua Bolch"));
    }

    //获取所有书的类别
    @Override
    public List<Category> getAllCategories() {
        return categories;
    }

    //获取某个类别
    @Override
    public Category getCategory(int id) {
        for(Category category : categories) {
            if(id == category.getId()) {
                return category;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    //获取所有书
    @Override
    public List<Book> getAllBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    //保存书
    @Override
    public Book save(Book book) {
        book.setId(getNextId());
        books.add(book);
        return book;
    }

    //获取某书
    @Override
    public Book get(long id) {
        for(Book book : books) {
            if(id == book.getId()) {
                return book;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    //更新书
    @Override
    public Book update(Book book) {
        int bookCount = books.size();
        for(int i = 0; i < bookCount; i++) {
            Book savedBook = books.get(i);
            if(savedBook.getId() == book.getId()) {
                books.set(i, book);
                return book;
            }
        }
        return book;
    }   

    //添加书时获取id(获取到最后一本书的id+1)
    @Override
    public long getNextId() {
        long id = 0L;
        for(Book book : books) {
            long bookId = book.getId();
            if(bookId > id) {
                id = bookId;
            }
        }
        return id + 1;
    }

}

5、配置文件

web.xml(配置DispatcherServlet)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
    <!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

springmvc-servlet.xml(1.扫描包、2.配置视图解析器)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
    <!-- 扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.linjie"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

6、视图

注意：使用SpringMVC表单标签需要使用

<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>

BookList.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Book List</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <h1>Book List</h1>
        <a href="<c:url value="/book_input"/>">Add Book</a>
        <table>
            <tr>
                <th>Category</th>
                <th>Title</th>
                <th>ISBN</th>
                <th>Author</th>
                <th>&nbsp;</th>
            </tr>
            <c:forEach items="${books}" var="book">
                <tr>
                    <td>${book.category.name}</td>
                    <td>${book.title}</td>
                    <td>${book.isbn}</td>
                    <td>${book.author}</td>
                    <td><a href="book_edit/${book.id}">Edit</a></td>
                </tr>
            </c:forEach>
        </table>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

BookAddForm.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Add Book Form</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <form:form commandName="book" action="/Springmvc_Demo/book_save" method="post">
            <fieldset>
                <legend>Add a book</legend>
                <p>
                    <label for="category">Category:</label>
                    <!-- 绑定的items数据可以是数组、集合、或Map会根据items的内容生成select里面的option选项
                    ，当path的值和items中的某条数据值相同的时候，对应的option为选定状态，反之为不选定状态 -->
                    <form:select path="category.id" id="category"
                        items="${categories}" itemLabel="name" itemValue="id">
                    </form:select>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <label for="title">Title:</label>
                    <form:input path="title" id="title"/>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <label for="author">Author:</label>
                    <form:input path="author" id="author"/>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <label for="isbn">ISBN:</label>
                    <form:input path="isbn" id="isbn"/>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <input id="reset" type="reset" tabindex="4">
                    <input id="submit" type="submit" tabindex="5" value="Add Book">
                </p>
            </fieldset>
        </form:form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

BookEditForm.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Edit Book Form</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <form:form commandName="book" action="/Springmvc_Demo/book_update" mathod="post">
            <fieldset>
                <legend>Edit a book</legend>
                <form:hidden path="id"/>
                <p>
                    <label for="category">Category:</label>
                    <form:select path="category.id" id="category" items="${categories }"
                     itemLabel="name" itemValue="id"></form:select>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <label for="title">Title:</label>
                    <form:input path="title" id="title"/>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <label for="author">Author:</label>
                    <form:input path="author" id="author"/>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <label for="isbn">ISBN:</label>
                    <form:input path="isbn" id="isbn"/>
                </p>
                <p>
                    <input id="reset" type="reset" tabindex="4">
                    <input id="submit" type="submit" tabindex="5"
                        value="Upadate Book">
                </p>
            </fieldset>
        </form:form>
    </div>
</body>
</html>