业务上我们使用注解实现限流和幂等性校验,下面已限流为例介绍
一、注解的定义
元注解
有一些注解可以修饰其他注解,这些注解就称为元注解(meta annotation)
@Inherited
使用@Inherited定义子类是否可继承父类定义的Annotation。@Inherited仅针对@Target(ElementType.TYPE)类型的annotation有效,并且仅针对class的继承,对interface的继承无效。
@Documented 注解
指明修饰的注解,可以被例如javadoc此类的工具文档化,只负责标记,没有成员取值。
@Target
指明了修饰的这个注解的使用范围,即被描述的注解可以用在哪里:
类或接口:ElementType.TYPE
字段:ElementType.FIELD
方法:ElementType.METHOD
构造方法:ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR
方法参数:ElementType.PARAMETER
@Retention
指明修饰的注解的生存周期,即会保留到哪个阶段:
仅编译期:RetentionPolicy.SOURCE
仅class文件:RetentionPolicy.CLASS
运行期:RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME
二、限流注解
Java语言使用@interface语法来定义注解(Annotation),它的格式如下:
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* 限流注解
* @author meng
* @date 2021/11/17 9:38
*/
@Inherited
@Documented
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface RequestRateLimiter {
/**
* 这里指吞吐率每秒多少许可数(通常是指QPS,每秒多少查询)
* @return
*/
double QPS() default 100D;
/**
* 获取令牌超时时间
* @return
*/
long acquireTokenTimeout() default 100;
/**
* 获取令牌超时时间单位:默认为 毫秒
* @return
*/
TimeUnit timeunit() default TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
}
三、限流拦截器
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* @author meng
* @date 2021/11/17 9:35
*/
@Component
public class RateLimiterInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RateLimiterInterceptor.class);
/**
* 根据请求地址保存不同的令牌桶
*/
private static final Map<String, RateLimiter> rateLimiterMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, RateLimiter>(16);
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
if (handler instanceof HandlerMethod) {
HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) handler;
Method method = ((HandlerMethod) handler).getMethod();
//没有标注注解,放行
if (AnnotatedElementUtils.isAnnotated(method, RequestRateLimiter.class)) {
//首先获取方法上的注解
RequestRateLimiter requestRateLimiter = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, RequestRateLimiter.class);
//方法上没有标注该注解,尝试获取类上的注解
if (Objects.isNull(requestRateLimiter)) {
//获取类上的注解
requestRateLimiter = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(handlerMethod.getBean().getClass(), RequestRateLimiter.class);
}
// 获取请求 url
String url = request.getRequestURI();
// 定义令牌桶
RateLimiter rateLimiter = null;
if (!rateLimiterMap.containsKey(url)) {
// 为当前请求创建令牌桶
rateLimiter = RateLimiter.create(requestRateLimiter.QPS());
rateLimiterMap.put(url, rateLimiter);
} else {
// 根据请求 url 获取令牌桶
rateLimiter = rateLimiterMap.get(url);
}
// 获取令牌
boolean acquire = rateLimiter.tryAcquire(requestRateLimiter.acquireTokenTimeout(), requestRateLimiter.timeunit());
logger.info("IP:{},url:{},acquire:{}", getIpAddr(request), url, acquire);
if (!acquire) {
throw new RateLimiterValidatorException();
}
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
}
public static String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ipAddress = null;
try {
ipAddress = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) {
ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr();
if (ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1")) {
// 根据网卡取本机配置的IP
InetAddress inet = null;
try {
inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
ipAddress = inet.getHostAddress();
}
}
// 对于通过多个代理的情况,第一个IP为客户端真实IP,多个IP按照','分割
if (ipAddress != null && ipAddress.length() > 15) { // "***.***.***.***".length()
if (ipAddress.indexOf(",") > 0) {
ipAddress = ipAddress.substring(0, ipAddress.indexOf(","));
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
ipAddress = "";
}
return ipAddress;
}
}
PS:
使用Guava RateLimiter实现限流
RateLimiterValidatorException自定义异常,详见博客:Springboot - 统一异常处理