spring常用注解（九）@Lazy

一、介绍

1、简介

@Lazy注解在Spring框架中用于声明一个bean的懒加载行为。当一个bean被标记为@Lazy时，它不会在容器启动时立即初始化，而是在第一次真正需要使用这个bean的时候才进行实例化。这个注解可以用在类或接口、方法上、字段上等。

2、源码

package org.springframework.context.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Lazy {
    boolean value() default true;
}

二、使用场景

1、解决循环依赖

（1）现象

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {


    @Autowired
    private RoleService roleService;

    @Override
    public String testUser() {
        String msg = "这是user";
        msg = roleService.testRole(msg);
        System.out.println(msg);
        return msg;
    }

    @Override
    public String check(String msg) {
        msg += ":这是user最后check的";
        return msg;
    }
}

@Service("roleService")
public class RoleServiceImpl implements RoleService {

    @Autowired
    MenuService menuService;

    @Override
    public String testRole(String msg) {
        msg += ":这是role";
        return menuService.testMenu(msg);
    }
}

@Service("menuService")
public class MenuServiceImpl implements MenuService {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Override
    public String testMenu(String msg) {
        msg += ":这是Menu";
        return userService.check(msg);
    }
}

启动报错：

The dependencies of some of the beans in the application context form a cycle:

┌─────┐
|  menuService (field private org.example.service.UserService org.example.service.impl.MenuServiceImpl.userService)
↑     ↓
|  userService (field private org.example.service.RoleService org.example.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.roleService)
↑     ↓
|  roleService (field org.example.service.MenuService org.example.service.impl.RoleServiceImpl.menuService)
└─────┘


Action:

Relying upon circular references is discouraged and they are prohibited by default. Update your application to remove the dependency cycle between beans. As a last resort, it may be possible to break the cycle automatically by setting spring.main.allow-circular-references to true.

（2）解决：

在引用处加上@Lazy注解：如我加在UserServiceImpl 引用的地方

@Lazy
    @Autowired
    private RoleService roleService;

可以正常启动。

验证功能也正常：

@SpringBootTest(classes = {Main.class}, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MyTest {


    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;


    @Test
    public void  testUserString(){
        String msg = userService.testUser();
        System.out.println("结果:"+msg);
    }

}

正常输出：

这是user:这是role:这是Menu:这是user最后check的
结果:这是user:这是role:这是Menu:这是user最后check的