一、jsp隐式对象:
JSP隐式对象是JSP容器为每个页面提供的Java对象,开发者可以直接使用它们而不用显式声明,使用时直接.方法即可。JSP隐式对象也被称为预定义变量。jsp的九大内置对象:
作用域:pageContext(页面有效)< request(response)< session <application
二、JSP指令标签:
三、JSP 动作元素:
JSP动作元素在请求处理阶段起作用。JSP动作元素是用XML语法写成的。利用JSP动作可以动态地插入文件、重用JavaBean组件、把用户重定向到另外的页面、为Java插件生成HTML代码。动作元素只有一种语法,它符合XML标准:
这里讲一下<jsp:include page=""></jsp:include>和<% include>的区别,前者会生成两个servlet文件,它的过程是首先单独编译返回html代码,再和另一个文件的html组合在一起。而<% include>编译时是只生成一个servlet文件,它是把页面内容组合在一起,再使用jsp引擎进行解析成xxjsp.java。如果在两个文件中都定义了int a=10;那么<% include>会报错,因为重复定义了,而前者则不会。
四、jstl标签库和el标签库:这两个标签库是解决jsp页面中出现java代码的地方(<% %>标签是写java代码的地方)。这里讲下jstl标签库:引用JSTL标签库,首先要在lib目录下添加jar包,其次需要在代码中引入相应的标签库。
1、核心标签库
核心标签是最常用的JSTL标签。引用核心标签库的语法如下:
<%@ taglib prefix="c"
uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
解决页面上出现java代码的地方。
2、格式化标签
JSTL格式化标签用来格式化并输出文本、日期、时间、数字。引用格式化标签库的语法如下:
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt"
uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>
3、JSTL函数
JSTL包含一系列标准函数,大部分是通用的字符串处理函数。引用JSTL函数库的语法如下:
<%@ taglib prefix="fn"
uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
例1:<c:set>和<c:out>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="key1" value="hello" scope="session"></c:set>
<c:out value="${sessionScope.key1}"></c:out>
</body>
</html>
这里sessionScope.key1其实完全可以直接写key1,它会根据这个Key值自动按作用域从小到大去搜索。pageScope < requestScope <sessionScope <application。
例2:<c:if>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="key1" value="hello" scope="session"></c:set>
<c:if test="${key1=='hello'}">
<h1>结果是对的</h1>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
例3:<c:choose>、<c:when>和 <c:otherwise>相当于switch、default
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:set var="key1" value="hello" scope="session"></c:set>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${key1=='hello'}">
<h1>是hello</h1>
</c:when>
<c:when test="${key1=='hello1'}">
<h1>是hello1</h1>
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
<h1>不是hello1</h1>
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
</body>
</html>
例4:循环<c:forEach>
<%@page import="java.util.ArrayList"%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("hello");
list.add("world");
list.add("java");
pageContext.setAttribute("list",list );
%>
<c:forEach items="${list}" var="li">
<c:out value="${li}"></c:out>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
<%@page import="com.jspdemo.User"%>
<%@page import="java.util.ArrayList"%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%List<User> list=new ArrayList<User>();
User user=new User("zs","123");
list.add(user);
user=new User("lisi","123");
list.add(user);
pageContext.setAttribute("list",list );
%>
<c:forEach items="${list}" var="per">
${per.name}<br>
${per.pwd}<br>
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>
例5:<c:url>给页面带参数,防止手写出错
<%@page import="com.jspdemo.User"%>
<%@page import="java.util.ArrayList"%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:url var="baidu" value="https://www.baidu.com/">
<c:param name="name" value="zs"></c:param>
<c:param name="id" value="10001"></c:param>
</c:url>
<c:out value="${baidu}"></c:out>
</body>
</html>
运行结果为:
例6:<f:formatDate>
package com.jspdemo;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet(name="DateServlet",urlPatterns="/time")
public class DateServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Date date=new Date();
req.setAttribute("time", date);
req.getRequestDispatcher("index1.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="f" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<f:formatDate value="${time}" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"/>
</body>
</html>
运行:
例7:函数fn:length
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<c:out value="${fn:length('1234')}"></c:out>
</body>
</html>
输出4