1.GPS定位 2.基站定位 此类位置的获取有赖于手机无线通讯信号,当手机处在信号覆盖范围内,手机可以获得该区域(即通讯术语中的“小区”)的识别号。因为这些识别号是惟一的,因此可以将识别号和地理坐标对应起来,因此根据识别号就可以知道地理位置。但是误差比较大。 MCC(Mobile Country Code)、MNC(Mobile Network Code)、LAC(Location Aera Code)、CID(Cell Tower ID)是通讯业内的名词。MCC标识国家,MNC标识网络,两者组合起来则唯一标识一家通讯运营商。从维基百科上了解到,一个国家的MCC不唯一,例如中国有460和461,一家运营商也不只一个MNC,例如中国移动有00、02、07。LAC标识区域,类似于行政区域,运营商将大区域划分成若干小区域,每个区域分配一个LAC。CID标识基站,若手机处在工作状态,则必须要和一个通讯基站进行通讯,通过CID就可以确定手机所在的地理范围。 在Android当中,大部分和通讯网络相关的信息都需要经过一项系统服务,即TelephoneManager来获得。
TelephonyManager mTelMan = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); String operator = mTelMan.getNetworkOperator(); String mcc = operator.substring(0, 3); String mnc = operator.substring(3); GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelMan.getCellLocation(); int cid = location.getCid(); int lac = location.getLac();通过上面的方法,可获得MCC、MNC、CID、LAC,对照Geolocation API Network Protocol,剩下不多的参数也可以获得,发起请求后根据响应内容即可得到地理位置信息。 请求(Request)的信息如下:
{"cell_towers":[{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733, "mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":17267},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733, "mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27852},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733, "mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27215},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733, "mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27198},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9484, "mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27869},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9508, "mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":37297},{"mobile_network_code":"00","location_area_code":9733, "mobile_country_code":"460","cell_id":27888}], "host":"maps.google.com", "version":"1.1.0"}响应(Response)的信息如下:
{"location":{"latitude":23.12488,"longitude":113.271907,"accuracy":630.0},"access_token":"2:61tEAW-rONCT1_W-:JVpp2_jq5a0L-5JK"}3.WIFI定位 其原理是首先收集每个WIFI无线接入点的位置,对每个无线路由器进行唯一的标识,在数据库中注明这些接入点的具体位置。 使用时,一旦发现有WI-FI接入点,则进入到数据中查看匹配的记录,进而得到位置信息。 WIFI定位主要取决于节点(node)的物理地址(mac address)。与提供TelephoneManager一样,Android也提供了获取WIFI信息的接口:WifiManager。
WifiManager wifiMan = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); WifiInfo info = wifiMan.getConnectionInfo(); String mac = info.getMacAddress(); String ssid = info.getSSID();通过上面的方法,即可获得必要的请求参数。 发出的请求(Request)信息如下:
{"wifi_towers":[{"mac_address":"00:23:76:AC:41:5D","ssid":"Aspire-NETGEAR"}],"host":"maps.google.com","version":"1.1.0"}响应(Response)的信息如下:
{"location":{"latitude":23.129075,"longitude":113.264423,"accuracy":140000.0},"access_token":"2:WRr36ynOz_d9mbw5:pRErDAmJXI8l76MU"}以上简单介绍了android中获取位置的三种定位方式。 实际开发中可利用android.location中的LocationManager类,该类封装了地理位置信息的接口,提供了GPS_PROVIDER和 NETWORK_PROVIDER。 如果开发的应用需要高精确性,那么可使用GPS_PROVIDER,但这也意味着应用无法在室内使用,待机时间缩短,响应时间稍长等问题; 如果开发的应用需要快速反应,对精度要求不怎么高,并且要尽可能节省电量,那么使用NETWORK_PROVIDER是不错的选择。 这里提一下,还有一个 PASSIVE_PROVIDER,在实际应用中较少使用。 1.如下代码就是设置从Network中获取位置:
LocationManager mLocMan = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); mLocMan.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,0,0, mLocLis);需要对应的权限:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION 2.如下代码就是设置从GPS获取位置:
LocationManager mLocMan = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); mLocMan.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,0,0, mLocLis);需要对应的权限:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 如果代码里使用了两个 PROVIDER,则只需要一个权限即可:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION。 以下是整个过程的代码:
public class DemoActivity extends Activity { private static final String TAG = "DemoActivity"; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } public void onRequestLocation(View view) { switch (view.getId()){ case R.id.gpsBtn: Log.d(TAG, "GPS button is clicked"); requestGPSLocation(); break; case R.id.telBtn: Log.d(TAG, "CellID button is clicked"); requestTelLocation(); break; case R.id.wifiBtn: Log.d(TAG, "WI-FI button is clicked"); requestWIFILocation(); break; case R.id.netBtn: Log.d(TAG, "Network button is clicked"); requestNetworkLocation(); break; } } private void requestTelLocation() { TelephonyManager mTelMan = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); // MCC+MNC. Unreliable on CDMA networks String operator = mTelMan.getNetworkOperator(); String mcc = operator.substring(0, 3); String mnc = operator.substring(3); GsmCellLocation location = (GsmCellLocation) mTelMan.getCellLocation(); int cid = location.getCid(); int lac = location.getLac(); JSONObject tower = new JSONObject(); try { tower.put("cell_id", cid); tower.put("location_area_code", lac); tower.put("mobile_country_code", mcc); tower.put("mobile_network_code", mnc); } catch (JSONException e) { Log.e(TAG, "call JSONObject's put failed", e); } JSONArray array = new JSONArray(); array.put(tower); List<NeighboringCellInfo> list = mTelMan.getNeighboringCellInfo(); Iterator<NeighboringCellInfo> iter = list.iterator(); NeighboringCellInfo cellInfo; JSONObject tempTower; while (iter.hasNext()) { cellInfo = iter.next(); tempTower = new JSONObject(); try { tempTower.put("cell_id", cellInfo.getCid()); tempTower.put("location_area_code", cellInfo.getLac()); tempTower.put("mobile_country_code", mcc); tempTower.put("mobile_network_code", mnc); } catch (JSONException e) { Log.e(TAG, "call JSONObject's put failed", e); } array.put(tempTower); } JSONObject object = createJSONObject("cell_towers", array); requestLocation(object); } private void requestWIFILocation() { WifiManager wifiMan = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); WifiInfo info = wifiMan.getConnectionInfo(); String mac = info.getMacAddress(); String ssid = info.getSSID(); JSONObject wifi = new JSONObject(); try { wifi.put("mac_address", mac); wifi.put("ssid", ssid); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } JSONArray array = new JSONArray(); array.put(wifi); JSONObject object = createJSONObject("wifi_towers", array); requestLocation(object); } private void requestLocation(JSONObject object) { Log.d(TAG, "requestLocation: " + object.toString()); HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://www.google.com/loc/json"); try { StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(object.toString()); post.setEntity(entity); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { HttpResponse resp = client.execute(post); HttpEntity entity = resp.getEntity(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(entity.getContent())); StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); String result = br.readLine(); while (result != null) { buffer.append(result); result = br.readLine(); } Log.d(TAG, buffer.toString()); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private JSONObject createJSONObject(String arrayName, JSONArray array) { JSONObject object = new JSONObject(); try { object.put("version", "1.1.0"); object.put("host", "maps.google.com"); object.put(arrayName, array); } catch (JSONException e) { Log.e(TAG, "call JSONObject's put failed", e); } return object; } private void requestGPSLocation() { LocationManager mLocMan = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); mLocMan.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 1000 * 60, 100, mLocLis); } private void requestNetworkLocation() { LocationManager mLocMan = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); mLocMan.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, 1000 * 60, 100, mLocLis); } private LocationListener mLocLis = new LocationListener() { @Override public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) { Log.d(TAG, "onStatusChanged, provider = " + provider); } @Override public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) { Log.d(TAG, "onProviderEnabled, provider = " + provider); } @Override public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) { Log.d(TAG, "onProviderDisabled, provider = " + provider); } @Override public void onLocationChanged(Location location) { double latitude = location.getLatitude(); double longitude = location.getLongitude(); Log.d(TAG, "latitude: " + latitude + ", longitude: " + longitude); } }; }本篇文章来源于网络,尚未对其进行实践测试,因为实际应用的关系,这里仅对NetWork方式获取位置做了实践,请稳步 Android使用NetWork方式获取当前的地理位置 一文查看相关内容