2017-11-20 6周1次课 正则------grep

语法： grep  [-cinvABC]  'word'  filename

-c ：打印符合要求的行数

[root@node69 grep]# grep -c 'nologin' passwd
38

-i ：忽略大小写

[root@node69 grep]# grep -i 'nologin' passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/NOLOGIN
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

-n ：行号

[root@node69 grep]# grep -ni 'nologin' passwd
2:bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3:daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4:adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/NOLOGIN
5:lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
9:mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11:games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12:ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13:nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
14:systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:997:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologin
15:systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
16:dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
17:polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

-v ：取反

[root@node69 grep]# grep -vni 'nologin' passwd
1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
6:sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7:shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
43:aaa:x:1000:1000:aaa:/home/aaa:/bin/bash

-r ：遍历所有子目录

[root@node69 grep]# grep -r 'root' /etc/ > /tmp/grep.log
[root@node69 grep]# grep passwd /tmp/grep.log
/etc/passwd:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
/etc/passwd:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
/etc/passwd-:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
/etc/passwd-:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
/etc/postfix/main.cf:# the system passwd file in the chroot jail is just not practical.

-A ：后跟一个数字，过滤出符合要求的行以及下面n行

[root@node69 grep]# grep -nA2 'root' passwd
1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
2-bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3-daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
--
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11-games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12-ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

-B ：同上，过滤出符合要求的行以及上面n行

[root@node69 grep]# grep -nB2 'root' passwd
1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
--
8-halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9-mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

-C ：同上，同时过滤出符合要求的行以及上下各n行

[root@node69 grep]# grep -nC2 'root' passwd
1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
2-bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3-daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
--
8-halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9-mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11-games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12-ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

正则例子

3. 过滤出所有包含数字的行

[root@node69 grep]# grep '[0-9]' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/NOLOGIN
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

[root@node69 grep]# grep -vn '[0-9]' /etc/inittab 
1:# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
2:#
3:# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
4:#
5:# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
6:#
7:# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
8:#
11:#
12:# To view current default target, run:
13:# systemctl get-default
14:#
15:# To set a default target, run:
16:# systemctl set-default TARGET.target
17:#

[root@node69 grep]# grep -n '^#' inittab 
1:# inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
2:#
3:# ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
4:#
5:# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
6:#
7:# systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
8:#
9:# multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3
11:# graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5
12:#
13:# To view current default target, run:
14:# systemctl get-default
15:#
16:# To set a default target, run:
17:# systemctl set-default TARGET.target
18:#

5. 把所有以 ‘#’ 开头的行去除

[root@node69 grep]# grep -nv '^#' inittab 
10:aslklafjdsghnc

.  任意的一个字符

[root@node69 grep]# grep 'r.o' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

* 表示零个或多个前面的字符

‘.*’ 表示零个或多个任意字符，空行也包含在内。

[root@node69 grep]# grep '.*' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/NOLOGIN
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

[root@node69 grep]# grep -E 'o{2}' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
setroubleshoot:x:992:989::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

+号，过滤出+之前字符出现1次或多次的行，+ 需要脱意，也可以使用egrep

[root@node69 grep]# grep 'o\+o' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
setroubleshoot:x:992:989::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin