Spring Data JPA 入门
引入 Spring Data JPA 的坐标
使用Spring Data JPA
,需要整合Spring
与Spring Data JPA
,并且需要提供JPA
的服务提供者hibernate
,所以需要导入spring
相关坐标,hibernate
坐标,数据库驱动坐标等
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring对orm框架的支持包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end -->
<!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end -->
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring data jpa 的坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el end -->
</dependencies>
整合Spring Data JPA与Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!--spring 和 spring data jpa的配置-->
<!-- 1.创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理-->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!--配置的扫描的包(实体类所在的包) -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.leewle.domain" />
<!-- jpa的实现厂家 -->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
</property>
<!--jpa的供应商适配器 -->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--配置是否自动创建数据库表 -->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!--指定数据库类型 -->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法 -->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<!--是否显示sql -->
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property>
<!--jpa的方言 :高级的特性 -->
<property name="jpaDialect" >
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--2.创建数据库连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///jpa?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"/>
</bean>
<!--3.整合spring data jpa-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.leewle.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
<!--4.配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--声明式事务-->
<!--6.配置包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.leewle"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "cust_id")
private Long custId; //客户的主键
@Column(name = "cust_name")
private String custName; //客户名称
@Column(name = "cust_source")
private String custSource; //客户来源
@Column(name = "cust_level")
private String custLevel; //客户级别
@Column(name = "cust_industry")
private String custIndustry; //客户所属行业
@Column(name = "cust_phone")
private String custPhone; //客户的联系方式
@Column(name = "cust_address")
private String custAddress; //客户地址
}
符合Spring Data JPA规范的Dao层接口
要求:
- 创建一个
Dao
层接口,并实现JpaRepository
和JpaSpecificationExecutor
- 提供相应的泛型
//符合Spring Data Jpa的dao接口规范:
// JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型,实体类中主键属性的类型>
// 封装了基本CRUD操作
// JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
// 封装了复杂查询(分页查询)
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}
基本CRUD操作的实现
//声明spring提供的单元测试环境
//指定spring容器的配置信息
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class CustomerDaoTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
//根据id查询
@Test
public void testFindOne(){
Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1l);
System.out.println(customer);
}
//保存或者更新
// 根据传递的对象是否存在主键id,如果没有id主键属性:保存
// 存在id主键属性,根据id查询数据,更新数据
@Test
public void testSave(){
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustName("LEE");
customer.setCustLevel("vip");
customer.setCustIndustry("工地");
customerDao.save(customer);
}
@Test
public void testUpdate(){
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustId(4l);
customer.setCustName("WLE");
customer.setCustLevel("vip");
customer.setCustIndustry("车间");
customerDao.save(customer);
}
//删除操作(根据id)
@Test
public void testDelete(){
customerDao.delete(4l);
}
//查询所有
@Test
public void testFindAll(){
List<Customer> customers = customerDao.findAll();
for(Customer customer:customers){
System.out.println(customer);
}
}
//查询客户的总数量
@Test
public void testCount(){
long count = customerDao.count();
System.out.println(count);
}
//根据id 查询客户是否存在
@Test
public void testExists(){
boolean exists = customerDao.exists(1L);
System.out.println(exists);
}
//根据id从数据库查询
// findOne:立即加载
// getOne:延迟加载
@Test
@Transactional //保证getOne正常运行
public void testGetOne(){
Customer customer = customerDao.getOne(1l);
System.out.println(customer);
}
}