299. Bulls and Cows Medium

         You are playing the following Bulls and Cows game with your friend: You write down a number and ask your friend to guess what the number is. Each time your friend makes a guess, you provide a hint that indicates how many digits in said guess match your secret number exactly in both digit and position (called "bulls") and how many digits match the secret number but locate in the wrong position (called "cows"). Your friend will use successive guesses and hints to eventually derive the secret number.

For example:

Secret number:  "1807"
Friend's guess: "7810"

Hint:  1  bull and  3  cows. (The bull is  8 , the cows are  0 ,  1  and  7 .)

Write a function to return a hint according to the secret number and friend's guess, use A to indicate the bulls and B to indicate the cows. In the above example, your function should return "1A3B".

Please note that both secret number and friend's guess may contain duplicate digits.

思路：本题简单思路就是判断guess里面有没有secret的数，再看相同的数位置是否对的上。值得注意的是有重复数字，如secret “1，1，2，2”，guess为

“1，2，2，2”，这样的结果是3A0B，而不是3A1B。所以要考虑重复数字的个数来判断A和B的值大小。用hash表来存储guess和secret来达到目的。

class Solution {
public:
    string getHint(string secret, string guess) {
        string result = "";
        if (secret.length() == 0) {
            return result;
        }
        int bull = 0, cows = 0;
        map<char, int>hash, hash2;
        for (int i = 0; i < secret.length(); i++) {
            hash[secret[i]] += 1;
            hash2[guess[i]] += 1;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < guess.length(); i++) {
            if (!hash[guess[i]]) {
                continue;
            }
            else {
                if (guess[i] == secret[i]) {
                    bull++;
                } else {
                    if (hash2[guess[i]] <= hash[guess[i]])
                    cows++;
                    hash2[guess[i]]--;
                    continue;
                }
                hash2[guess[i]]--;
                hash[guess[i]]--;
            }
        }
        stringstream a, q;
        string b;
        a << bull;
        a >> b;
        string c;
        q << cows;
        q >> c;
        result = b + "A" + c + "B";
        return result;
    }
};