fcntl 函数使用例子

下边的例子是对100到109字节的数据进行操作

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>


int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int fd;
    struct flock fl;


    fd = open("testfile", O_RDWR);
    if (fd == -1)
        /* Handle error */;


    /* Make a non-blocking request to place a write lock
       on bytes 100-109 of testfile */


    fl.l_type = F_WRLCK;
    fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    fl.l_start = 100;
    fl.l_len = 10;


    if (fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &fl) == -1) {
        if (errno == EACCES || errno == EAGAIN) {
            printf("Already locked by another process\n");


            /* We can't get the lock at the moment */


        } else {
            /* Handle unexpected error */;
        }
    } else { /* Lock was granted... */


        /* Perform I/O on bytes 100 to 109 of file */


        /* Unlock the locked bytes */


        fl.l_type = F_UNLCK;
        fl.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
        fl.l_start = 100;
        fl.l_len = 10;
        if (fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &fl) == -1)
            /* Handle error */;
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
} /* main */

异步输入

 #include <termios.h>
      #include <stdio.h>
      #include <unistd.h>
      #include <fcntl.h>
      #include <sys/signal.h>
      #include <sys/types.h>
        
      #define BAUDRATE B38400
      #define MODEMDEVICE "/dev/ttyS1"
      #define _POSIX_SOURCE 1 /* POSIX compliant source */
      #define FALSE 0
      #define TRUE 1
        
      volatile int STOP=FALSE; 
        
      void signal_handler_IO (int status);   /* definition of signal handler */
      int wait_flag=TRUE;                    /* TRUE while no signal received */
        
      main()
      {
        int fd,c, res;
        struct termios oldtio,newtio;
        struct sigaction saio;           /* definition of signal action */
        char buf[255];
        
        /* open the device to be non-blocking (read will return immediatly) */
        fd = open(MODEMDEVICE, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NONBLOCK);
        if (fd <0) {perror(MODEMDEVICE); exit(-1); }
        
        /* install the signal handler before making the device asynchronous */
        saio.sa_handler = signal_handler_IO;
        saio.sa_mask = 0;
        saio.sa_flags = 0;
        saio.sa_restorer = NULL;
        sigaction(SIGIO,&saio,NULL);
          
        /* allow the process to receive SIGIO */
        fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
        /* Make the file descriptor asynchronous (the manual page says only 
           O_APPEND and O_NONBLOCK, will work with F_SETFL...) */
        fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, FASYNC);
        
        tcgetattr(fd,&oldtio); /* save current port settings */
        /* set new port settings for canonical input processing */
        newtio.c_cflag = BAUDRATE | CRTSCTS | CS8 | CLOCAL | CREAD;
        newtio.c_iflag = IGNPAR | ICRNL;
        newtio.c_oflag = 0;
        newtio.c_lflag = ICANON;
        newtio.c_cc[VMIN]=1;
        newtio.c_cc[VTIME]=0;
        tcflush(fd, TCIFLUSH);
        tcsetattr(fd,TCSANOW,&newtio);
         
        /* loop while waiting for input. normally we would do something
           useful here */ 
        while (STOP==FALSE) {
          printf(".\n");usleep(100000);
          /* after receiving SIGIO, wait_flag = FALSE, input is available
             and can be read */
          if (wait_flag==FALSE) { 
            res = read(fd,buf,255);
            buf[res]=0;
            printf(":%s:%d\n", buf, res);
            if (res==1) STOP=TRUE; /* stop loop if only a CR was input */
            wait_flag = TRUE;      /* wait for new input */
          }
        }
        /* restore old port settings */
        tcsetattr(fd,TCSANOW,&oldtio);
      }
        
      /***************************************************************************
      * signal handler. sets wait_flag to FALSE, to indicate above loop that     *
      * characters have been received.                                           *
      ***************************************************************************/
        
      void signal_handler_IO (int status)
      {
        printf("received SIGIO signal.\n");
        wait_flag = FALSE;
      }