C#delegate、event、Action、EventHandler的使用和区别

小故事讲解这四位的前世今生

只有一个Delegete（委托），别人想用委托的时候，必须得用delegate关键字来定义一个委托，就像这样

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//定义一个无返回值的，带一个int参数的委托
public delegate void myDelegate(int num);

话说，委托生来是为了将方法也作为参数进行传递的。所以后来它学会了发布者/订阅者模式。比如：

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public myDelegate m_delegate;

m_delegate += MyFun;

public void MyFun(int num)
{
Debug.Log("my func: " + num);
}

但是它有一个弊端，delegate可以使用“=”将所有已经订阅的取消（也可以用+/-对订阅合并和删除，这是后话，不讲），只保留=后新的订阅，这给了犯罪分子可乘之机。

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m_delegate = MyFun1;  //MyFun订阅被取消，只有MyFun1在订阅中

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public void MyFun1(int num)

{

Debug.Log("my func1: " + num);

}

所以，event应运而生

event是一种特殊的委托，它只能+=，-=，不能直接用=

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public event myDelegate m_event;

m_event += MyFun;
m_event = MyFun; //错误，

通过下面的报错信息可以看出，event在定义类中（发布者）是可以直接=的，但是在其他类中（订阅者）就只能+= -=了，也就是说发布者发布一个事件后，订阅者针对他只能进行自身的订阅和取消。

但是，在事件发布和订阅的过程中，定义事件的原型委托类型常常是一件重复性的工作。

所以，EventHandler应运而生

它的出生就是为了避免这种重复性工作，并建议尽量使用该类型作为事件的原型。

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//这是它的定义
//@sender: 引发事件的对象
//@e: 传递的参数
public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);

//使用
public event EventHandler m_event; //修改自定义委托类型为EventHandler

这时候老大哥delegate说了，你event都有小弟了，我也要有，我每次自定义委托的时候也很麻烦的。

所以，Action应运而生

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//Action是系统预定义的一种委托，无返回值，参数在<>中传入

public Action<int> m_action;

//比较下delegate和Action的定义（个人理解）
public delegate void myDelegate(int num);
public Action<int> m_action;
//1，Action省略了void，因为它本身就是无返回值
//2, Action的参数在<>中定义的，delegate就是传统定义
//3，delegate要用关键字，然后自定义一个委托名字。而Action委托名字已定。不需要delegate关键字。

知道每个类型因何而来，也就知道了应用场景和区别了，接下来是如何使用了。

使用

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  public class Event1 : MonoBehaviour

{

//delegate

public delegate void myDelegate(int num);

public myDelegate m_delegate;

//event

public event myDelegate m_event;

//EventHandler

public event EventHandler m_EventHandle;

//Action

public Action<int> m_action;
    <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">Start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        m_delegate <span class="token operator">+=</span> MyEventFun<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">m_delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token function-variable function">m_delegate</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">d</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>Debug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"m_delegate : "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> d<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">m_delegate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        m_event <span class="token operator">+=</span> MyEventFun<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">m_event</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

  <span class="token comment">//发布者中可直接=</span>
        <span class="token function-variable function">m_event</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">d</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>Debug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"m_event : "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> d<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">m_event</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        m_EventHandle <span class="token operator">+=</span> MyEventFun<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">m_EventHandle</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">EventArgs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        m_EventHandle <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">o<span class="token punctuation">,</span> e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> Debug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"m_EventHandle: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Convert<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToInt32</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"\t "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">m_EventHandle</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">EventArgs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        m_action <span class="token operator">+=</span> MyEventFun<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">m_action</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token function-variable function">m_action</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">d</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>Debug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"m_action : "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> d<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">m_action</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">MyEventFun</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">int num</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        Debug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"my func1: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> num<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">MyEventFun</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">object sender<span class="token punctuation">,</span> EventArgs e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        Debug<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"my func2: "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Convert<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToInt32</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sender<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">"\t "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ToString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></div></div><p>输出：</p><figure class=""><div class="rno-markdown-img-url" style="text-align:center"><div class="rno-markdown-img-url-inner" style="width:43.75%"><div style="width:100%"><img src="https://ask.qcloudimg.com/http-save/yehe-7674702/4ckq8qarj9.png"></div></div></div></figure></div></div></div><div class="mod-content__source"><div class="mod-content__source-inner"><div class="mod-content__source-title">本文参与&nbsp;<a href="/developer/support-plan" target="_blank">腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划</a>，分享自微信公众号。</div><div class="mod-content__source-desc">原始发表：2020-10-08<!-- -->，如有侵权请联系&nbsp;<a href="mailto:cloudcommunity@tencent.com">cloudcommunity@tencent.com</a> 删除</div></div><div class="mod-content__source-qr"></div></div><div class="mod-statement-m"><div class="cdc-tag__list mod-content__tags" track-click=""><div class="cdc-tag" track-click="" track-exposure=""><a class="cdc-tag__inner" href="/developer/tag/10216" target="_blank">android</a></div></div><div class="mod-content__statement"><p>本文分享自 <span>CSharp编程大全</span> 微信公众号，<span style="color:#0052d9">前往查看</span></p><p>如有侵权，请联系 <a href="mailto:cloudcommunity@tencent.com">cloudcommunity@tencent.com</a> 删除。</p><p class="mod-content__statement-tip">本文参与&nbsp;<a href="/developer/support-plan" target="_blank">腾讯云自媒体同步曝光计划</a>&nbsp; ，欢迎热爱写作的你一起参与！</p></div></div><div class="cdc-tag__list mod-content__tags" track-click=""><div class="cdc-tag" track-click="" track-exposure=""><a class="cdc-tag__inner" href="/developer/tag/10216" target="_blank">android</a></div></div></div>