1、数据缓冲区的命中率已经不是性能调整中的主要问题了,但是,过低的命中率肯定是不可以的,在任何情况下,我们必须保证有一个大的data buffer和一个高的命中率。 这个语句可以获得整体的数据缓冲命中率,越高越好 Code: [Copy to clipboard] SELECT a.VALUE + b.VALUE logical_reads, c.VALUE phys_reads, round(100*(1-c.value/(a.value+b.value)),4) hit_ratio FROM v$sysstat a,v$sysstat b,v$sysstat c WHERE a.NAME='db block gets' AND b.NAME='consistent gets' AND c.NAME='physical reads' 2、库缓冲说明了SQL语句的重载率,当然,一个SQL语句应当被执行的越多越好,如果重载率比较高,就考虑增加共享池大小或者是提高Bind变量的使用以下语句查询了Sql语句的重载率,越低越好 Code: [Copy to clipboard] SELECT SUM(pins) total_pins,SUM(reloads) total_reloads, SUM(reloads)/SUM(pins)*100 libcache_reload_ratio FROM v$librarycache 3、用户锁,数据库的锁有的时候是比较耗费资源的,特别是发生锁等待的时候,我们必须找到发生等待的锁,有可能的话,杀掉该进程。 这个语句将查找到数据库中所有的DML语句产生的锁,还可以发现,任何DML语句其实产生了两个锁,一个是表锁,一个是行锁。 可以通过alter system kill session ‘sid,serial#’来杀掉会话 Code: [Copy to clipboard] SELECT /*+ rule */ s.username, decode(l.type,'TM','TABLE LOCK', 'TX','ROW LOCK', NULL) LOCK_LEVEL, o.owner,o.object_name,o.object_type, s.sid,s.serial#,s.terminal,s.machine,s.program,s.osuser FROM v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o WHERE l.sid = s.sid AND l.id1 = o.object_id(+) AND s.username is NOT NULL 4、锁与等待,如果发生了锁等待,我们可能更想知道是谁锁了表而引起谁的等待以下的语句可以查询到谁锁了表,而谁在等待。 Code: [Copy to clipboard] SELECT /*+ rule */ lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_username User_name, o.owner,o.object_name,o.object_type,s.sid,s.serial# FROM v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s WHERE l.object_id=o.object_id AND l.session_id=s.sid ORDER BY o.object_id,xidusn DESC 以上查询结果是一个树状结构,如果有子节点,则表示有等待发生。如果想知道锁用了哪个回滚段,还可以关联到V$rollname,其中xidusn就是回滚段的USN 5、如果发生了事务或锁,想知道哪些回滚段正在被使用吗?其实通过事务表,我们可以详细的查询到事务与回滚段之间的关系。同时,如果关联会话表,我们则可以知道是哪个会话发动了这个事务。 Code: [Copy to clipboard] SELECT s.USERNAME,s.SID,s.SERIAL#,t.UBAFIL "UBA filenum", t.UBABLK "UBA Block number",t.USED_UBLK "Number os undo Blocks Used", t.START_TIME,t.STATUS,t.START_SCNB,t.XIDUSN RollID,r.NAME RollName FROM v$session s,v$transaction t,v$rollname r WHERE s.SADDR=t.SES_ADDR AND t.XIDUSN=r.usn 6、如果利用会话跟踪或者是想查看某个会话的跟踪文件,那么查询到OS上的进程或线程号是非常重要的,因为文件的令名中,就包含这个信息,以下的语句可以查询到进程或线程号,由此就可以找到对应的文件。 Code: [Copy to clipboard] SELECT p1.value||'\'||p2.value||'_ora_'||p.spid filename FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameter p2 WHERE p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' AND p2.name = 'db_name' AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV ('SESSIONID'); 7、在ORACLE 9i中,可以监控索引的使用,如果没有使用到的索引,完全可以删除掉,减少DML操作时的操作。 以下就是开始索引监控与停止索引监控的脚本 Code: [Copy to clipboard] set heading off set echo off set feedback off set pages 10000 spool start_index_monitor.sql SELECT 'alter index '||owner||'.'||index_name||' monitoring usage;' FROM dba_indexes WHERE owner = USER; spool off set heading on set echo on set feedback on ------------------------------------------------ set heading off set echo off set feedback off set pages 10000 spool stop_index_monitor.sql SELECT 'alter index '||owner||'.'||index_name||' nomonitoring usage;' FROM dba_indexes WHERE owner = USER; spool off set heading on set echo on set feedback on 如果需要监控更多的用户,可以将owner=User改写成别的监控结果在视图v$object_usage中查询 Code: [Copy to clipboard] CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE show_space ( p_segname IN VARCHAR2, p_owner IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT USER, p_type IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'TABLE', p_partition IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL ) -- This procedure uses AUTHID CURRENT USER so it can query DBA_* -- views using privileges from a ROLE and so it can be installed -- once per database, instead of once per user who wanted to use it. AUTHID CURRENT_USER as l_free_blks number; l_total_blocks number; l_total_bytes number; l_unused_blocks number; l_unused_bytes number; l_LastUsedExtFileId number; l_LastUsedExtBlockId number; l_LAST_USED_BLOCK number; l_segment_space_mgmt varchar2(255); l_unformatted_blocks number; l_unformatted_bytes number; l_fs1_blocks number; l_fs1_bytes number; l_fs2_blocks number; l_fs2_bytes number; l_fs3_blocks number; l_fs3_bytes number; l_fs4_blocks number; l_fs4_bytes number; l_full_blocks number; l_full_bytes number; -- Inline procedure to print out numbers nicely formatted -- with a simple label. PROCEDURE p( p_label in varchar2, p_num in number ) IS BEGIN dbms_output.put_line( rpad(p_label,40,'.') || to_char(p_num,'999,999,999,999') ); END; BEGIN -- This query is executed dynamically in order to allow this procedure -- to be created by a user who has access to DBA_SEGMENTS/TABLESPACES -- via a role as is customary. -- NOTE: at runtime, the invoker MUST have access to these two -- views! -- This query determines if the object is an ASSM object or not. BEGIN EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'select ts.segment_space_management FROM dba_segments seg, dba_tablespaces ts WHERE seg.segment_name = :p_segname AND (:p_partition is null or seg.partition_name = :p_partition) AND seg.owner = :p_owner AND seg.tablespace_name = ts.tablespace_name' INTO l_segment_space_mgmt USING p_segname, p_partition, p_partition, p_owner; EXCEPTION WHEN too_many_rows THEN dbms_output.put_line ( 'This must be a partitioned table, use p_partition => '); RETURN; END; -- If the object is in an ASSM tablespace, we must use this API -- call to get space information; else we use the FREE_BLOCKS -- API for the user managed segments. IF l_segment_space_mgmt = 'AUTO' THEN dbms_space.space_usage ( p_owner, p_segname, p_type, l_unformatted_blocks, l_unformatted_bytes, l_fs1_blocks, l_fs1_bytes, l_fs2_blocks, l_fs2_bytes, l_fs3_blocks, l_fs3_bytes, l_fs4_blocks, l_fs4_bytes, l_full_blocks, l_full_bytes, p_partition); p( 'Unformatted Blocks ', l_unformatted_blocks ); p( 'FS1 Blocks (0-25) ', l_fs1_blocks ); p( 'FS2 Blocks (25-50) ', l_fs2_blocks ); p( 'FS3 Blocks (50-75) ', l_fs3_blocks ); p( 'FS4 Blocks (75-100)', l_fs4_blocks ); p( 'Full Blocks ', l_full_blocks ); ELSE dbms_space.free_blocks( segment_owner => p_owner, segment_name => p_segname, segment_type => p_type, freelist_group_id => 0, free_blks => l_free_blks); p( 'Free Blocks', l_free_blks ); END IF; -- And then the unused space API call to get the rest of the -- information. dbms_space.unused_space ( segment_owner => p_owner, segment_name => p_segname, segment_type => p_type, partition_name => p_partition, total_blocks => l_total_blocks, total_bytes => l_total_bytes, unused_blocks => l_unused_blocks, unused_bytes => l_unused_bytes, LAST_USED_EXTENT_FILE_ID => l_LastUsedExtFileId, LAST_USED_EXTENT_BLOCK_ID => l_LastUsedExtBlockId, LAST_USED_BLOCK => l_LAST_USED_BLOCK ); p( 'Total Blocks', l_total_blocks ); p( 'Total Bytes', l_total_bytes ); p( 'Total MBytes', trunc(l_total_bytes/1024/1024) ); p( 'Unused Blocks', l_unused_blocks ); p( 'Unused Bytes', l_unused_bytes ); p( 'Last Used Ext FileId', l_LastUsedExtFileId ); p( 'Last Used Ext BlockId', l_LastUsedExtBlockId ); p( 'Last Used Block', l_LAST_USED_BLOCK ); END; |
09-17
09-17