SpringMVC_1

1.框架搭建过程

a.新建Java Enterprise项目

b.添加Maven项目所需jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVC-dome01</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringMVC-dome01</name>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <junit.version>5.7.0</junit.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- ServletAPI -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.9</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.11.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.0</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

c.编写web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

d.在sources目录下新建springMVC.xml文件,开启组件扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--扫描控制层组件-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.SpringMVC_demo1.Controllers"></context:component-scan>

   

</beans>

 e.新建Controller层

@Controller
public class controllers {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }
}

f.在sources目录下在编写springMVC.xml文件,用于组合返回值

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--扫描控制层组件-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.SpringMVC_demo1.Controllers"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
                        <!-- 视图前缀 -->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
                        <!-- 视图后缀 -->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

g.html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>hello word</div>
</body>
</html>

2. RequestMapping(此注解的类上必须有@Controller注解)

1.@RequestMapping注解标识的位置

标识在一个类上标识页面访问需要加上此路径

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/Test")
public class Controller2 {

    //http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC_demo1/Test/test
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }
    
}

只标识在一个方法上表示访问此路径

@Controller
public class Controller1 {
    //http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC_demo1/
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }
}

2.@RequestMapping注解的value属性

或的关系只要匹配一个就可以

//http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC_demo1/targer1
    //http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC_demo1/target
    @RequestMapping(value={"/target","/targer1"})
    public String target(){
        return "target";
    }

3.@RequestMapping注解的Method属性

a.method里面的值为何种请求方式,只能接受此种请求方式,若是没有提交方式则两种都可以

<form th:action="@{/target1}" method="get">
        <button name="tijaio"> 提交</button>
    </form>
@RequestMapping(value = {"/target1"},method = {RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST})
    public String target1(){
        return "target";
    }

b.@GetMapping注解,@PostMapping注解,@PutMapping注解,@DeleteMapping注解

不需要再@RequestMapping注解中设置nethod值,用以上注解只能为此请求方式,但需要设置value值

<form th:action="@{/target2}" method="get">
        <input type="submit" value="提交2">
    </form><br>
@GetMapping(value = {"/target2","target3"})
    public String target2(){
        return "target";
    }

4.RequestMapping注解的params属性

<form th:action="@{/target4}" method="get">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">
        <input type="submit" value="提交4">
    </form><br>
//@RequestMapping(value ="/target4",method = RequestMethod.GET,params = {"username"})参数中必须带有username属性
    //@RequestMapping(value ="/target4",method = RequestMethod.GET,params = {"!username"})参数中必须不带有username属性
    //@RequestMapping(value ="/target4",method = RequestMethod.GET,params = {"username=admin"})参数username属性值必须是admin
    @RequestMapping(value ="/target4",method = RequestMethod.GET,params = {"username!=admin"})//参数username属性值必须不是admin
    public String target3(){
        return "target";
    }

5.RequestMapping注解的headers属性

<a th:href="@{/target5}">点击我可以跳转</a>
 //@RequestMapping(value = "/target5",headers = {"!header"})
    //@RequestMapping(value = "/target5",headers = {"header"})
    //@RequestMapping(value = "/target5",headers = {"Host!=localhost:8080"})
    @RequestMapping(value = "/target5",headers = {"Host=localhost:8080"})
    public String target5(){
        return "target";
    }

6.SpringMVC支持ant风格的路径(特殊的除外)

?:单个字符        @RequestMapping("/a?a/test")

@RequestMapping("/target?6")
    public String target6(){
        return "target";
    }

*:任意0个或多个字符        @RequestMapping("/a*a/test")

@RequestMapping("/target*7")
    public String target7(){
        return "target";
    }

**:表示一层或多层        @RequestMapping("/**/test")        注:只能用于/**/XXX的形式不然和*作用一样

 @RequestMapping("/**/target8")
    public String target8(){
        return "target";
    }

7.SpringMVC支持路径中的占位符

<a th:href="@{/target9/1/wxc}">点击我可以跳转</a>
@RequestMapping(value = "/target9/{id}/{username}")
    public String target9(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,@PathVariable("username") String username){
        System.out.println(id + ":" +  username);
        return "target";
    }

3.SpringMVC获取参数

1.原生Servlet请求方式

 <form th:action="@{/target10}" method="get">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">
        <input type="submit" value="提交4">
    </form><br>
@RequestMapping(value = "/target10")
    public String target10(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest){
        String username = httpServletRequest.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        return "target";
    }

2.通过控制器方法的形参获取请求参数

a.SpringMVC无复选框时,获取参数的方法,只需要保证前端form表单中name属性值或a标签中传参值和后端方法传参数的值对应即可

<form th:action="@{/target11}" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">
        <input type="submit" value="提交11">
    </form><br>

<a th:href="@{/target11(username='admin',password=123456)}">点击我可以跳转</a><br>
@RequestMapping(value = "/target11")
    public String target11(String username,String password){
        System.out.println(username + ":" + password);
        return "target";
    }

b.SpringMVC有复选框时,获取参数的方法,只需要保证前端form表单中name属性值和后端方法传参数的值对应即可,复选框的形式以数组的形式传参

<form th:action="@{/target12}" method="get">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">
        兴趣爱好:<input type="checkbox" name="check" value="足球">足球
        <input type="checkbox" name="check" value="篮球">篮球
        <input type="checkbox" name="check" value="排球">排球
        <input type="submit" value="提交12">
    </form><br>
@RequestMapping(value = "/target12")
    public String target12(String username,String password,String[] check){
        System.out.println(username + ":" + password + Arrays.toString(check));
        return "target";
    }

3.通过@RequestParam注解传参,前端和后端name值不对应时

<a th:href="@{/target13(username='admin12',password=123456)}">点击我可以跳转</a>
@RequestMapping(value = "/target13")
    public String target13(@RequestParam(value = "username") String username, @RequestParam(value = "password") String password){
        System.out.println(username + ":" + password);
        return "target";
    }

RequestParam三个属性,value="前端name属性或a标签中的属性名",required=false(前端可以不传递值使用defaultValue中的默认值),defaultValue="默认值(不是前端的name属性名,是直接赋给后面的属性)"

<a th:href="@{/target13}">点击我可以跳转</a>
@RequestMapping(value = "/target13")
    public String target13(@RequestParam(value = "username", required = false, defaultValue = "username") String username, @RequestParam(value = "password",required = false,defaultValue = "password") String password){
        System.out.println(username + ":" + password);
        return "target";
    }

4.@RequestHeader注解传参,根据请求信息头进行传参

<a th:href="@{/target14}">点击我可以跳转</a><br>
@RequestMapping(value = "/target14")
    public String target14(@RequestHeader(value = "Host") String localhost){
        System.out.println(localhost);
        return "target";
    }

 @RequestHeader三个属性和@RequesParam属性值相同

5.@CookidValue注解传参

@CookieValue是将cookie数据和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系

@CookieValue注三个属性和@RequesParam属性值相同

6.通过Pojo获取请求参数

<form th:action="@{/target15}" method="get">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
        性别:<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男">男
        <input type="radio" name="sex" value="女">女<br>
        年龄:<input type="text" name="age"><br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交15">
    </form><br>
@RequestMapping(value = "/target15")
    public String target15(User user){
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        return "target";
    }

4.解决Post请求方式时乱码问题

通过在web.xml文件中配置filter过滤器的方式解决Post乱码问题

<filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

5.域对象共享数据

1.通过ServletAPI向request域对象共享数据

<a th:href="@{/target16}">点击我可以跳转</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target16")
    public String target16(HttpServletRequest request){
        request.setAttribute("key","hello");
        return "target";
    }
<p th:text="${key}"></p>

2.使用ModelAndView向request域对象共享数据

<a th:href="@{/target17}">点击我可以跳转17</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target17")
    public ModelAndView target17(){
        ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("key17","helloword");
        modelAndView.setViewName("target");
        return modelAndView;
    }

3.使用Model向request域对象共享数据

<a th:href="@{/target18}">点击我可以跳转18</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target18")
    public String target18(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("key18","hellokey18");
        return "target";
    }
<p th:text="${key18}">18</p>

4.使用Map向request域对象中共享数据

<a th:href="@{/target19}">点击我可以跳转19</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target19")
    public String target19(Map<String,Object> map){
        map.put("key19","hellokey19");
        return "target";
    }
<p th:text="${key19}">19</p>

5.使用ModelMap向request域对象共享数据

<a th:href="@{/target20}">点击我可以跳转20</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target20")
    public String target20(ModelMap modelMap){
        modelMap.addAttribute("key20","hellokey20");
        return "target";
    }
<p th:text="${key20}">20</p>

6.向session域共享数据

<a th:href="@{/target21}">点击我可以跳转21</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target21")
    public String target21(HttpSession httpSession){
        httpSession.setAttribute("key21","hellokey21");
        return "target";
    }
<p th:text="${session.key21}">21</p>

7.向ajpplication域中共享数据

<a th:href="@{/target22}">点击我可以跳转22</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target22")
    public String target22(HttpSession httpSession){
        ServletContext application = httpSession.getServletContext();
        application.setAttribute("key22","helokey22");
        return "target";
    }
<p th:text="${application.key22}">22</p>

6.SpringMVC的视图

1.Thymeleafview(无前缀无后缀,使用Xml文件中Thymeleaf解析方式),index就是Thymeleaf解析

@RequestMapping("/")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

 2.转发视图(地址栏不变)forward: 为前缀,转发至另一个Controller下的RequestMapping请求

<a th:href="@{/target23}">点击我可以跳转23</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target22")
    public String target22(HttpSession httpSession){
        ServletContext application = httpSession.getServletContext();
        application.setAttribute("key22","helokey22");
        return "target";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/target23")
    public String target23(){
        return "forward:/target22";
    }
<p th:text="${application.key22}">22</p>

3.重定向视图(地址栏改变)redirect: 为前缀,转发至另一个Controller下的RequestMapping请求

<a th:href="@{/target24}">点击我可以跳转24</a><br>
@RequestMapping("/target22")
    public String target22(HttpSession httpSession){
        ServletContext application = httpSession.getServletContext();
        application.setAttribute("key22","helokey22");
        return "target";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/target24")
    public String target24(){
        return "redirect:/target22";
    }
    <p th:text="${application.key22}">22</p>

4.视图控制器,View-Controller,通过映射的方式,仅仅作用于服务器与前端界面之间的跳转,不传参等等操作

在SpringMVC.xml文件中配置

引入mvc命名空间

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--Path:设置处理的请求地址
        view-name:设置请求地址所对应的视图名称-->
    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"></mvc:view-controller>
    <!--当SpringMVC中设置任何一个view-controller时,
    其他控制器中的请求映射将全部失效,
    此时需要在SpringMVC的核心配置文件中设置开启mvc注解驱动的标签-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

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