Django中文官方版03-配置数据库

注：Django默认使用的是轻量数据库sqlite，如果不满足生产需求，可根据配置修改mysite/setting.py，DATABASES列表，支持主流数据库，当然写法有一定语法规定，可参照本文最下方地址

1.创建数据库

python manage.py migrate

2.创建models

打开polls/models.py文件，输入以下内容：

from django.db import models


class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')


class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

注：代码和一般其他web框架的orm意思差不多

3.激活modeles

打开mysite/settings.py文件，输入以下内容：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'polls.apps.PollsConfig',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

4.绑定app并通知系统models修改

python manage.py makemigrations polls

成功后，会出现以下内容：

Migrations for 'polls':
  polls/migrations/0001_initial.py:
    - Create model Choice
    - Create model Question
    - Add field question to choice

5.测试sql语句

python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001

注：0001为上面生成的目录/polls/migrations/0001_initial.py

成功后，输出以下内容：

BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Choice
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" (
    "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    "choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
    "votes" integer NOT NULL
);
--
-- Create model Question
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_question" (
    "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    "question_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
    "pub_date" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL
);
--
-- Add field question to choice
--
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" ADD COLUMN "question_id" integer NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" ALTER COLUMN "question_id" DROP DEFAULT;
CREATE INDEX "polls_choice_7aa0f6ee" ON "polls_choice" ("question_id");
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice"
  ADD CONSTRAINT "polls_choice_question_id_246c99a640fbbd72_fk_polls_question_id"
    FOREIGN KEY ("question_id")
    REFERENCES "polls_question" ("id")
    DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

COMMIT;

6.执行建表

python manage.py migrate

输出：

Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, sessions
Running migrations:
  Rendering model states... DONE
  Applying polls.0001_initial... OK

原文摘自官方地址https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/intro/tutorial02/，本文只做精简化翻译，详细内容可去指定地址阅读