注:Django默认使用的是轻量数据库sqlite,如果不满足生产需求,可根据配置修改mysite/setting.py,DATABASES列表,支持主流数据库,当然写法有一定语法规定,可参照本文最下方地址
1.创建数据库
python manage.py migrate
2.创建models
打开polls/models.py文件,输入以下内容:
from django.db import models
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
注:代码和一般其他web框架的orm意思差不多
3.激活modeles
打开mysite/settings.py文件,输入以下内容:
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'polls.apps.PollsConfig',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
4.绑定app并通知系统models修改
python manage.py makemigrations polls
成功后,会出现以下内容:
Migrations for 'polls':
polls/migrations/0001_initial.py:
- Create model Choice
- Create model Question
- Add field question to choice
5.测试sql语句
python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001
注:0001为上面生成的目录/polls/migrations/0001_initial.py
成功后,输出以下内容:
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Choice
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" (
"id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
"choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
"votes" integer NOT NULL
);
--
-- Create model Question
--
CREATE TABLE "polls_question" (
"id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
"question_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL,
"pub_date" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL
);
--
-- Add field question to choice
--
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" ADD COLUMN "question_id" integer NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice" ALTER COLUMN "question_id" DROP DEFAULT;
CREATE INDEX "polls_choice_7aa0f6ee" ON "polls_choice" ("question_id");
ALTER TABLE "polls_choice"
ADD CONSTRAINT "polls_choice_question_id_246c99a640fbbd72_fk_polls_question_id"
FOREIGN KEY ("question_id")
REFERENCES "polls_question" ("id")
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;
COMMIT;
6.执行建表
python manage.py migrate
输出:
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, polls, sessions
Running migrations:
Rendering model states... DONE
Applying polls.0001_initial... OK
原文摘自官方地址https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/intro/tutorial02/,本文只做精简化翻译,详细内容可去指定地址阅读