mongodb配置及应用实例



mongbdb是文档型数据库(nosql)，可以到http://www.mongodb.org/downloads下载对应版本

第一步：下载安装包：如果是win系统，注意是64位还是32位版本的，请选择正确的版本。

第二步：新建目录“D:\MongoDB”，解压下载到的安装包，找到bin目录下面全部.exe文件，拷贝到刚创建的目录下。

第三步：在“D:\MongoDB”目录下新建“data”文件夹，它将会作为数据存放的根文件夹。

现在打开命令行窗口并切换到mongo存放目录，mongod启动服务，如图

这里用到了--dbpath data指定数据文件存放的目录，这就是前面新建的data文件夹，它不会自动创建，如果不指定存放路径(--dbpath data)仅用mongod启动，需要在当前盘符的根目录创建data/db文件夹，它会自动查找，当看到最后的端口号就说明启动成功了！

当然每次启动都比较麻烦，可以定制成windows服务，我们在data文件夹下创建俩个子文件夹如图

以管理员身份打开命令行窗口并切换到mongodb所在目录，执行命令如图

--directoryperdb说明是否为每一个数据库创建一个文件夹，最后--install安装(注意设置--logpath时要指定一个.log文件，不存在会自动创建)。

看到 command line via 'net start "MongoDb"'说明定制成功，输入

net start MongoDB启动服务

net stop MongoDB停止服务

sc delete MongoDB删除服务或运行→regedit→注册表编辑器→HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services找到相应服务删除即可

现在打开http://127.0.0.1:27017/可以看到

也可以打开http://127.0.0.1:28017/看一些服务端状态信息

扯了这么多还是直接实例来操作数据库吧，这里我用的是c#驱动，光c#就有很多种，很多人都喜欢用samus驱动，因为支持linq语法，这里也选择此驱动，下载地址https://github.com/samus/mongodb-csharp

如果下载的直接是.dll文件添加引用即可，如果是源码，编译下在引用.dll即可，目录结构

Customer

+ View Code ?

namespace mytest {      public class Customer      {          [MongoId]          public string CustomerID { get ; set ; }          public string CustomerName { get ; set ; }          [MongoIgnore]          public string Address { get ; set ; }      }   }<span style= "font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" face= "verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" ><span class = "Apple-style-span" style= "line-height: 21px; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal;" > </span></span>

CustomerBLL

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namespace mytest {      public class CustomerBLL      {            public static void Insert(Customer customer)          {              using (MGHelper mm = new MGHelper())              {                  mm.GetCollection<Customer>().Insert(customer);              }          }            public static void Delete( string customerId)          {              using (MGHelper mm = new MGHelper())              {                  mm.GetCollection<Customer>().Remove(x => x.CustomerID == customerId);              }          }            public static void Update(Customer customer)          {              using (MGHelper mm = new MGHelper())              {                  mm.GetCollection<Customer>().Update(customer, (x => x.CustomerID == customer.CustomerID));              }          }            public static Customer GetById( string customerId)          {              using (MGHelper mm = new MGHelper())              {                  return mm.GetCollection<Customer>().FindOne(x => x.CustomerID == customerId);              }          }      }   }

MGHelper

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namespace mytest {      public class MGHelper : IDisposable      {            private Mongo _mongo;          private IMongoDatabase _db;            public MGHelper()              : this ( "Server=127.0.0.1" , "test" )          {          }              public MGHelper( string connectionString, string dbName)          {              if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(connectionString))                  throw new ArgumentNullException( "connectionString" );              _mongo = new Mongo(connectionString);              _mongo.Connect();              if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(dbName) == false )                  _db = _mongo.GetDatabase(dbName);          }            public IMongoDatabase UseDb( string dbName)          {              if ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(dbName))                  throw new ArgumentNullException( "dbName" );                _db = _mongo.GetDatabase(dbName);              return _db;          }            public IMongoDatabase CurrentDb          {              get              {                  if (_db == null )                      throw new Exception( "当前连接没有指定任何数据库。请在构造函数中指定数据库名或者调用UseDb()方法切换数据库。" );                  return _db;              }          }            /// <summary>          /// 获取当前连接数据库的指定集合【依据类型】          /// </summary>          /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>          /// <returns></returns>          public IMongoCollection<T> GetCollection<T>() where T : class          {              return this .CurrentDb.GetCollection<T>();          }            /// <summary>          /// 获取当前连接数据库的指定集合【根据指定名称】          /// </summary>          /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>          /// <param name="name">集合名称</param>          /// <returns></returns>          public IMongoCollection<T> GetCollection<T>( string name) where T : class          {              return this .CurrentDb.GetCollection<T>(name);          }            public void Dispose()          {              if (_mongo != null )              {                  _mongo.Dispose();                  _mongo = null ;              }          }      } }<span style= "font-family: verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" face= "verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" ><span class = "Apple-style-span" style= "line-height: 21px; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal;" > </span></span>

Program演示增加功能

+ View Code ?

namespace mytest {      class Program      {          static void Main( string [] args)          {                Customer customer = new Customer();              customer.CustomerID = 1 + "" ;              customer.CustomerName = "GM0" ;              customer.Address = "测试" ;                CustomerBLL.Insert(customer);                customer.CustomerID = 2 + "" ;              customer.CustomerName = "GM1" ;                CustomerBLL.Insert(customer);            }          }   }

这里用了园友的DBHelper操作类，更多详细介绍http://www.cnblogs.com/fish-li/archive/2011/06/26/2090800.html

执行过后如何查看结果呢，mongodb提供了Javascript shell

相应命令都很直译，就不解释了...

mongodb的索引

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namespace mytest {      class Program      {          static void Main( string [] args)          {              TestMongodb tm = new TestMongodb();              tm.InsertMongo();              tm.Start();              Console.ReadLine();          }      }        public class TestMongodb      {          private Mongo mongo;          private MongoDatabase mongoDatabase;          private MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection;            public TestMongodb()          {              mongo = new Mongo( "mongodb://localhost" );              mongoDatabase = mongo.GetDatabase( "testDB" ) as MongoDatabase;              mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.GetCollection<Document>( "testCollection" ) as MongoCollection<Document>;              mongo.Connect();          }            ~TestMongodb()          {              mongo.Disconnect();          }            //插入数据          public void InsertMongo()          {              var random = new Random();              TimeSpan span = new TimeSpan(DateTime.Now.Ticks);              for ( int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)              {                  Document doc = new Document();                  doc[ "ID" ] = i;                  doc[ "Data" ] = "data" + random.Next(10000);                  mongoCollection.Save(doc);              }              TimeSpan span1 = new TimeSpan(DateTime.Now.Ticks);                string op = string .Format( "执行了{0}秒，共插入{1}条数据" , span1.Subtract(span).Duration().Seconds, mongoCollection.FindAll().Documents.Count());              Console.WriteLine(op);          }          //删除数据          public void RemoveMongo()          {              mongoCollection.Remove(x => true );          }            //创建索引          public void CreateIndex( string index)          {              mongoCollection.Metadata.CreateIndex( new Document() { { "_" + index + "_" , 1 } }, false );          }          //删除索引          public void DropIndex( string index)          {              mongoCollection.Metadata.DropIndex( "_" + index + "_" );          }            //排序          public void SortForData()          {              mongoCollection.FindAll().Sort( new Document() { { "Data" , 1 } });          }            public void Start()          {              Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();              watch.Start();              SortForData();              Console.WriteLine( "无索引排序时间:" + watch.Elapsed);                CreateIndex( "Data" );                Stopwatch watch1 = new Stopwatch();              watch1.Start();              SortForData();              Console.WriteLine( "有索引排序时间:" + watch1.Elapsed);          }      } }

测试截图