public class ThreadLockTest implements Runnable {
private String string;
private Object prev;
private Object next;
public ThreadLockTest(Object prev, Object next, String string) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.string = string;
this.prev = prev;
this.next = next;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Object o1 = new Object();
Object o2 = new Object();
ThreadLockTest a = new ThreadLockTest(o1, o2, "A");
ThreadLockTest b = new ThreadLockTest(o2, o1, "B");
new Thread(a).start();
Thread.sleep(10);
new Thread(b).start();
Thread.sleep(10);
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int n = 10;
while (n > 0) {
synchronized(prev) {
System.out.println("+++++++++++++");
synchronized(next) {
System.out.print(string + " ");
System.out.print(n);
System.out.println("------------");
next.notify(); //notify在同步块完成后释放锁
n--;
try {
prev.wait(10);
//不是用wait(),是因为线程虽然能释放prev锁,但会一直休眠,而占用next锁。
//wait会在10毫秒后立即释放锁。
//造成死锁的原因即是wait释放的锁被立即拿到,但是同步块未完成,notify释放的锁还未释放 。
//使用wait(1)可以先跑A线程,再跑B线程,但这种方式可能A线程都跑不完,B线程可能抢到锁从而造成死锁。
//B线程抢到锁的可能性较小?
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
输出:
+++++++++++++
A 10————
+++++++++++++
A 9————
+++++++++++++
+++++++++++++
另一个分析例子:
public class MyThreadPrinter2 implements Runnable {
private String name;
private Object prev;
private Object self;
private MyThreadPrinter2(String name, Object prev, Object self) {
this.name = name;
this.prev = prev;
this.self = self;
}
@Override
public void run() {
int count = 3;
while (count > 0) {
synchronized (prev) {
synchronized (self) {
System.out.print(name); //打印传入当前线程的字符。
System.out.println();
count--;
self.notify(); //notify()通知wait的线程,待notify()所在的同步块运行完之后,wait所在的线程就可以继续执行,self锁在同步快运行之后释放.
}
try {
prev.wait(); //当前线程释放prev的对象锁,并休眠,直到有其他线程唤醒该线程。
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//即,当pa第一次运行时,打印A,释放a锁,(并通知pb线程可以继续运行);释放c锁,并休眠。pa线程因释放c锁而休眠,故只会被pc线程在释放c锁时唤醒。
//pb运行时,打印B,释放b锁,通知pc线程可以继续运行了;释放a锁,并休眠。pb线程因释放a锁而休眠。
//pc运行时,打印C,释放c锁,通知pa线程可以继续运行了;释放b锁,并休眠。pc线程因释放b锁而休眠。
//由于每次锁住两个对象锁,故每次只可能有一个线程在运行。
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Object a = new Object();
Object b = new Object();
Object c = new Object();
MyThreadPrinter2 pa = new MyThreadPrinter2("A", c, a);
MyThreadPrinter2 pb = new MyThreadPrinter2("B", a, b);
MyThreadPrinter2 pc = new MyThreadPrinter2("C", b, c);
new Thread(pa).start();
Thread.sleep(100); //确保按顺序A、B、C执行
new Thread(pb).start();
Thread.sleep(100);
new Thread(pc).start();
Thread.sleep(100);
}
}
输出:
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C