GUI模快学习二

实例十三 使用event和place定位设计扑克

from tkinter import *

"""
event：鼠标事件
创建鼠标点击事件，操作出牌收牌！
"""

class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = root
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        """创建扑克牌"""
        # self.photo = PhotoImage(file='images/puke/puke1.gif')
        # self.label = Label(root, image=self.photo)
        # self.label.place(x=10, y=50)
        self.photos = [PhotoImage(file='images/puke/puke' + str(i + 1) + '.gif') for i in range(10)]
        self.pukes = [Label(root, image=self.photos[i]) for i in range(10)]
        for i in range(10):
            self.pukes[i].place(x=10 + i * 20, y=30)

        # 为所有的label增加事件处理
        self.pukes[0].bind_class('Label', '<Button-1>', self.chupai)  # 左键单击，触发事件

    def chupai(self, event):  # event：创建点击事件
        # print(event.widget.winfo_geometry())  # 获取组件的大小及坐标信息
        # print(event.widget.winfo_x())  # 获取组件横坐标
        # print(event.widget.winfo_y())  # 获取组件纵坐标
        if event.widget.winfo_y() == 30:
            event.widget.place(y=20)
        else:
            event.widget.place(y=30)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry('300x200+200+100')
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

实例十四 event事件绑定

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry('530x300')
c1 = Canvas(root, width=200, height=200, bg='green')
c1.pack()

def mouseTest(event):
    print('鼠标左键单击位置（相对于父容器）:{0},{1}'.format(event.x, event.y))
    print('鼠标左键单击位置（相对于屏幕）:{0},{1}'.format(event.x_root, event.y_root))
    print('事件绑定的组件:{0}'.format(event.widget))

def testDrag(event):
    c1.create_oval(event.x, event.y, event.x+1, event.y+1)

def keyboardTest(event):
    print('键的keycode：{0}， 键的char:{1},键的keysym:{2}'.format(event.keycode, event.char, event.keysym))


def press_a_test(event):
    print('press a')


def release_a_test(event):
    print('release a')


# bind绑定鼠标
c1.bind('<Button-1>', mouseTest)  # 左键单击出发mouseTest事件
c1.bind('<B1-Motion>', testDrag)  # 左键拖动触发testDrag事件
# bind绑定键盘
root.bind('<KeyPress>', keyboardTest)  # 对任意键都选定
root.bind('<KeyPress-a>', press_a_test)  # 只对按下a键反应
root.bind('<KeyRelease-a>', release_a_test)  # 只对释放a键反应
root.mainloop()

实例十五 绑定事件的三种方式

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry('300x200+200+100')


def mouseText1(event):
    print('bind方式绑定,可以获取event对象')
    print(event.widget)


def mouseText2(a, b):
    print('a={0},b={1}'.format(a, b))
    print('command方式绑定，不能直接获取event对象')


def mouseTest3(event):
    print('右键单击事件，绑定给所有按钮')
    print(event.widget)


# bind方式绑定事件
btn01 = Button(root, text='测试bind绑定')
btn01.pack(side='left')
btn01.bind('<Button-1>', mouseText1)
# command方式直接绑定事件
btn02 = Button(root, text='测试command绑定', command=lambda: mouseText2('太阳', '月亮'))
btn02.pack(side='left')
# 给所有的button按钮都绑定右键单击事件, 必须从第一个按钮开始绑定
btn01.bind_class('Button', '<Button-3>', mouseTest3)  # Button-1 左键 2右键 3中键

root.mainloop()

实例十六 command绑定lambda函数

# lambda可以在事件里面传参

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry('500x400+200+100')

def mouseTest1():
    print('command方式,简单情况：不涉及获取event对象，可以使用')

def mouseTest2(a, b):
    print('a={0},b={1}'.format(a, b))


Button(root, text='command1', command=mouseTest1).pack(side='left')
# 通过lambda实现传参
Button(root, text='command2', command=lambda: mouseTest2('你好', '谢谢')).pack(side='left')

root.mainloop()

实例十七 OptionMenu选项菜单

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry('300x200')
v = StringVar(root)
v.set('百战程序员')
om = OptionMenu(root, v, '尚学堂', '百战程序员', '卓越班（保底18万）')
om['width'] = 20
om.pack()


def test1():
    print('最喜欢的培训机构：', v.get())
    # 也可以用v.set('***')改变OptionMenu选中的值


Button(root, text='确定', command=test1).pack()

root.mainloop()

实例十八 scale滑块组件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry('500x400')

# 这个滑块可以控制按钮a的字体和尺寸
def test1(value):
    print('滑块的值：', value)
    newFont = ('宋体', value)
    a.config(font=newFont)


# 从10开始，到50结束，整个滑块的宽度设为200px，间隔5px，水平显示，默认是竖直显示
s1 = Scale(root, from_=10, to=50, length=200, tickinterval=5, orient=HORIZONTAL, command=test1)
s1.pack()

a = Label(root, text='百战程序员', width=10, height=1, bg='black', fg='white')
a.pack()

root.mainloop()

实例十九 askcolor颜色选择框

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import askcolor
# 选择背景色
root = Tk()
root.geometry('500x400')


def test1():
    s1 = askcolor(color='red', title='选择背景色')  # 默认 红色 标题是选 择背景色
    print(s1)
    root.config(bg=s1[1])


Button(root, text='选择背景色', command=test1).pack()

root.mainloop()

实例二十 askopenfilename文件对话框

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename

root = Tk()
root.geometry('300x200')

# 可视化 获取文件路径
def test1():
    # 对话框名为 上传文件 默认目录为e盘根目录 文件过滤 选择视频文件 后缀为.mp4
    f = askopenfilename(title='上传文件', initialdir='e:', filetypes=[('视频文件', '.mp4')])
    show['text'] = f  # 在show label中显示f的值，即选择的文件的目录


Button(root, text='选择编辑的视频文件', command=test1).pack()

show = Label(root, width=40, height=3, bg='green')
show.pack()

root.mainloop()

实例二十一 askopenfile文件操作模块

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename

root = Tk()
root.geometry('500x400')

# 这段代码askopenfile运行出错, 替换成askopenfilename相当于获取了文件目录,然后再用open打开
# 好好查查askopenfile的编码设置

def test1():
    with open(askopenfilename(title='上传文件', initialdir='e:', filetypes=[('文本文件', '.txt')]), 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    # with askopenfile(title='上传文件', initialdir='e:', filetypes=[('文本文件', '.txt')]) as f: # 这段代码会报错
        show['text'] = f.read()


Button(root, text='选择读取的文本信息', command=test1).pack()

show = Label(root, width=40, height=30, bg='green')
show.pack()

root.mainloop()

实例二十二 简单对话框

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.simpledialog import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry('500x400')

def test1():
    a = askinteger(title='输入年龄', prompt='请输入年龄', initialvalue=18, minvalue=1, maxvalue=150)
    # askstring与askfloat使用方法一样
    show['text'] = a

Button(root, text='你多大了', command=test1).pack()

show = Label(root, width=20, height=3, bg='green')
show.pack()

root.mainloop()

实例二十三 通用对话框

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *

root = Tk()
root.geometry('300x200')

a = showinfo(title='尚学堂', message='python0基础400集')
print(a)

root.mainloop()

实例二十四 菜单

from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter import *


class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        """创建主菜单"""
        menubar = Menu(root)

        """创建子菜单"""
        menuFile = Menu(menubar)
        menuEdit = Menu(menubar)
        menuHelp = Menu(menubar)

        """将子菜单添加到主菜单"""
        menubar.add_cascade(label='文件(F)', menu=menuFile)
        menubar.add_cascade(label='编辑(E)', menu=menuEdit)
        menubar.add_cascade(label='文件(H)', menu=menuHelp)

        """添加菜单项"""
        menuFile.add_command(label='新建', accelerator='ctrl + n', command=self.test)
        menuFile.add_command(label='打开', accelerator='ctrl + o', command=self.test)
        menuFile.add_command(label='保存', accelerator='ctrl + s', command=self.test)
        menuFile.add_separator()  # 添加分割线
        menuFile.add_command(label='退出', accelerator='ctrl + q', command=self.test)

        """将主菜单添加到根窗口"""
        root['menu'] = menubar

        """文本编辑区"""
        self.text = Text(root, width=70, height=22)
        self.text.pack()

        """创建上下菜单"""
        self.contextMenu = Menu(root)
        self.contextMenu.add_command(label='背景颜色', command=self.test)

        """为右键绑定事件"""
        root.bind('<Button-3>', self.createContextMenu)

    def createContextMenu(self, event):
        """菜单在鼠标右键单击的坐标处显示"""
        self.contextMenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)


    def test(self):
        pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('菜单测试')
    root.geometry('500x300+200+100')
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

实例二十五 记事本

from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import askcolor
from tkinter import messagebox

class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        """创建主菜单"""
        menubar = Menu(root)

        """创建子菜单"""
        menuFile = Menu(menubar)
        menuEdit = Menu(menubar)
        menuHelp = Menu(menubar)

        """将子菜单添加到主菜单"""
        menubar.add_cascade(label='文件(F)', menu=menuFile)
        menubar.add_cascade(label='编辑(E)', menu=menuEdit)
        menubar.add_cascade(label='文件(H)', menu=menuHelp)

        """添加菜单项"""
        menuFile.add_command(label='新建', accelerator='ctrl + n', command=self.newFile)
        menuFile.add_command(label='打开', accelerator='ctrl + o', command=self.openFile)
        menuFile.add_command(label='保存', accelerator='ctrl + s', command=self.saveFile)
        menuFile.add_separator()  # 添加分割线
        menuFile.add_command(label='退出', accelerator='ctrl + q', command=self.exit)

        """将主菜单添加到根窗口"""
        root['menu'] = menubar

        """增加快捷键的处理"""
        root.bind('<Control-n>', lambda event: self.newFile())
        root.bind('<Control-o>', lambda event: self.openFile())
        root.bind('<Control-s>', lambda event: self.saveFile())
        root.bind('<Control-q>', lambda event: self.exit())

        """文本编辑区"""
        self.text = Text(root, width=100, height=100)
        self.text.pack()

        """创建上下菜单"""
        self.contextMenu = Menu(root)
        self.contextMenu.add_command(label='背景颜色', command=self.openAskColor)

        """为右键绑定事件"""
        root.bind('<Button-3>', self.createContextMenu)

    def createContextMenu(self, event):
        """菜单在鼠标右键单击的坐标处显示"""
        self.contextMenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)

    def newFile(self):
        self.text.delete(1.0, END)
        self.filename = asksaveasfilename(title='另存为', initialfile='未命名.txt',
                                          filetypes=[('文本文档', '*.txt')], defaultextension='.txt')
        self.saveFile()

    def openFile(self):
        self.text.delete(1.0, END)
        with open(askopenfilename(title='打开文本文件'), 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            self.text.insert(INSERT, f.read())
            self.filename = f.name

    def saveFile(self):
        try:
            with open(self.filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                c = self.text.get(1.0, END)
                f.write(c)
        except:
            messagebox.showinfo('warning', '请选择文件')

    def exit(self):
        root.quit()

    def openAskColor(self):
        s1 = askcolor(color='red', title='选择背景色')
        self.text.config(bg=s1[1])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('菜单测试')
    root.geometry('500x300+200+100')
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

实例二十六 绘图工具

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.colorchooser import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *

win_width = 900
win_height = 450


class Application(Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.bgcolor = '#000000'
        self.x = 0
        self.y = 0
        self.fgcolor = '#ff0000'
        self.lastDraw = 0  # 表示最后绘制的图形的id
        self.startDrwaFlag = False  # 默认初始为Flash
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()

    def createWidget(self):
        """创建画布"""
        self.drawpad = Canvas(self, width=win_width, height=win_height * 0.9, bg=self.bgcolor)
        self.drawpad.pack()

        """创建按钮"""
        btn_start = Button(self, text='开始', name='start')
        btn_start.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_pen = Button(self, text='画笔', name='pen')
        btn_pen.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_rect = Button(self, text='矩形', name='rect')
        btn_rect.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_oval = Button(self, text='椭圆', name='oval')
        btn_oval.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_ring = Button(self, text='圆', name='ring')
        btn_ring.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_clear = Button(self, text='清屏', name='clear')
        btn_clear.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_erasor = Button(self, text='橡皮擦', name='erasor')
        btn_erasor.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_line = Button(self, text='直线', name='line')
        btn_line.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_lineArrow = Button(self, text='箭头直线', name='lineArrow')
        btn_lineArrow.pack(side='left', padx=10)
        btn_color = Button(self, text='颜色', name='color')
        btn_color.pack(side='left', padx=10)

        # 事件处理
        # 给所有button按钮绑定左键事件
        btn_line.bind_class('Button', '<Button-1>', self.eventManager)
        # 释放鼠标左键
        self.drawpad.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.stopDraw)

        # 设置快捷键
        root.bind('<KeyPress-r>', self.kuaijiejian)
        root.bind('<KeyPress-g>', self.kuaijiejian)
        root.bind('<KeyPress-y>', self.kuaijiejian)

    def eventManager(self, event):
        # 获取单击按钮的
        name = event.widget.winfo_name()
        print(name)
        if name == 'line':
            self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myline)
        elif name == 'lineArrow':
            self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.mylineArrow)
        elif name == 'rect':
            self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myRect)
        elif name == 'oval':
            self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myOval)
        elif name == 'ring':
            self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myRing)
        elif name == 'pen':
            self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myPen)
        elif name == 'erasor':
            self.drawpad.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.myErasor)
        elif name == 'clear':
            self.drawpad.delete('all')
        elif name == 'color':
            c = askcolor(color=self.fgcolor, title='选择画笔颜色')
            self.fgcolor = c[1]

    def stopDraw(self, event):
        self.startDrwaFlag = False  # 更改新起点
        self.lastDraw = 0  # 把最后一条直线设为0,再画直线时就不会删除上一次绘制的直线



    # 把下面这段代码 因为重复太多 所以封装成一个方法
    def startDraw(self, event):
        self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
        if not self.startDrwaFlag:
            self.startDrwaFlag = True
            self.x = event.x
            self.y = event.y

    def myline(self, event):
        # # 删除上一次绘制的直线
        # self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
        # if not self.startDrwaFlag:
        #     self.startDrwaFlag = True
        #     self.x = event.x
        #     self.y = event.y
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)

    def mylineArrow(self, event):
        # 删除上一次绘制的直线
        # self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)
        # if not self.startDrwaFlag:
        #     self.startDrwaFlag = True
        #     self.x = event.x
        #     self.y = event.y
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, arrow=LAST, fill=self.fgcolor)

    def myRect(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        # self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_rectangle(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_rectangle(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.fgcolor)

    def myOval(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_oval(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, outline=self.fgcolor)

    def myRing(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_oval(self.x, self.y, event.x, self.y+event.x-self.x, outline=self.fgcolor)

    def myPen(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)
        self.x = event.x
        self.y = event.y

    def myErasor(self, event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.drawpad.create_line(event.x-50, event.y-50, event.x+50, event.y+50, fill=self.bgcolor)
        self.x = event.x
        self.y = event.y

    def kuaijiejian(self, event):
        if event.char == 'r':
            self.fgcolor = '#ff0000'
        if event.char == 'g':
            self.fgcolor = '#00ff00'
        if event.char == 'y':
            self.fgcolor = '#ffff00'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title('画图软件')
    root.geometry(str(win_width) + 'x' + str(win_height) + '+200+100')
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()