使用wait和notifyAll实现生产者消费者模型

wait和notifyAll是JDK中Object类的两个方法，主要用来线程间通讯，最经典的应用场景就是【生产者-消费者】，下面给出简单示例。

/**
 * @Auothor wzx
 * @Date 2017/5/7 0007
 */
public class ProducerConsumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Queue<Integer> buffer = new LinkedList<>();
        int maxSize = 10;
        Thread producer = new Thread(new Producer(buffer, maxSize));
        Thread consumer = new Thread(new Consumer(buffer));
        producer.start();
        consumer.start();
    }


    static class Producer implements Runnable {

        private Queue<Integer> queue;

        private int maxSize;

        Producer(Queue<Integer> queue, int maxSize) {
            this.queue = queue;
            this.maxSize = maxSize;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                synchronized (queue) {
                    while (queue.size() == maxSize) {
                        System.out.println("Queue is full,producer thread waiting for "
                                + " consumer to take something from queue");
                        try {
                            queue.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    Random random = new Random();
                    int i = random.nextInt();
                    System.out.println("Producing value :" + i);
                    queue.add(i);
                    queue.notifyAll();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    static class Consumer implements Runnable {

        private Queue<Integer> queue;

        Consumer(Queue<Integer> queue) {
            this.queue = queue;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                synchronized (queue) {
                    while (queue.isEmpty()) {
                        System.out.println("Queue is empty,Consumer thread is waiting"
                            + " for producer thread to put something in queue");
                        try {
                            queue.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }

                    System.out.println("Consuming value :" + queue.remove());
                    queue.notifyAll();

                }
            }
        }

    }

}

执行结果如下：

Producing value :-306191693
Producing value :1230823506
Producing value :-1295070113
Producing value :-330157665
Producing value :1580771896
Producing value :571342129
Producing value :1798066124
Producing value :247966176
Producing value :1149189440
Producing value :-1506596231
Queue is full,producer thread waiting for  consumer to take something from queue
Consuming value :-306191693
Consuming value :1230823506
Consuming value :-1295070113
Consuming value :-330157665
Consuming value :1580771896
Consuming value :571342129
Consuming value :1798066124
Consuming value :247966176
Consuming value :1149189440
Consuming value :-1506596231
Queue is empty,Consumer thread is waiting for producer thread to put something in queue

使用wait和notifyAll方法需要注意：
1.一定要在synchronized 方法或synchronized 代码块中使用，否则JVM或抛出IllegalMonitorStateException异常；
2.使用wait方法使用while循环判断条件，避免被假唤醒；
3.synchronized 使用的一定是同个锁对象；

参考
http://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2015/07/how-to-use-wait-notify-and-notifyall-in.html#axzz4gOjkc8Yu
http://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2011/05/wait-notify-and-notifyall-in-java.html