leetcode 398. Random Pick Index（python）

描述

Given an array of integers with possible duplicates, randomly output the index of a given target number. You can assume that the given target number must exist in the array.

Example 1:

int[] nums = new int[] {1,2,3,3,3};
Solution solution = new Solution(nums);

// pick(3) should return either index 2, 3, or 4 randomly. Each index should have equal probability of returning.
solution.pick(3);

// pick(1) should return 0. Since in the array only nums[0] is equal to 1.
solution.pick(1);

Note:

The array size can be very large. Solution that uses too much extra space will not pass the judge.

解析

根据题意，给出了一个列表 nums ，只要用字典 d 记录下每个元素及其对应的所有出现过的索引组成的列表，然后通过一个随机数从 d[target] 中提取一个索引即可。

解答

class Solution(object):
    def __init__(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        """
        self.d = {}
        for i, v in enumerate(nums):
            if v in self.d:
                self.d[v].append(i)
            else:
                self.d[v] = [i]

    def pick(self, target):
        """
        :type target: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        arr = self.d[target]
        return arr[random.randint(0, len(arr) - 1)]

运行结果

Runtime: 288 ms, faster than 44.99% of Python online submissions for Random Pick Index.
Memory Usage: 22.9 MB, less than 34.15% of Python online submissions for Random Pick Index.

解析

根据题意，找出 target 在 nums 中出现过的索引列表，然后随机选择一个返回即可。

解答

class Solution(object):

    def __init__(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        """
        self.nums = nums

    def pick(self, target):
        """
        :type target: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        idxs = [i for i,num in enumerate(self.nums) if num==target]
        return random.choice(idxs)

运行结果

Runtime: 236 ms, faster than 96.48% of Python online submissions for Random Pick Index.
Memory Usage: 17 MB, less than 91.60% of Python online submissions for Random Pick Index.

解析

根据题意，遍历 nums ，找出第一次出现 target 的位置索引即可，此种解法不知道为何会报错，可能是因为结果没有随机性吧。

解答

class Solution(object):

    def __init__(self, nums):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        """
        self.nums = nums


    def pick(self, target):
        """
        :type target: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        for i,num in enumerate(self.nums):
            if num!=target:
                continue
            else:
                return i

运行结果

Wrong 

原题链接：https://leetcode.com/problems/random-pick-index/