参考 http://yangdi1984.blog.hexun.com/20238141_d.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/kafony/archive/2011/08/25/2153675.html
数学函数
1,取整函数(ceil 向上取整,floor 向下取整)
select ceil(66.6) N1,floor(66.6) N2 from dual;
2, 取幂(power) 和 求平方根(sqrt)
select power(3,2) N1,sqrt(9) N2 from dual;
3,求余
select mod(9,5) from dual;
4,返回固定小数位数 (round:四舍五入,trunc:直接截断)
select round(66.667,2) N1,trunc(66.667,2) N2 from dual;
5,返回值的符号(正数返回为1,负数为-1)
select sign(-32),sign(293) from dual;
字符函数(可用于字面字符或数据库列)
1,字符串截取
select substr('abcdef',1,3) from dual
2,查找子串位置
select instr('abcfdgfdhd','fd') from dual
3,字符串连接
select 'HELLO'||'hello world' from dual;
4, 1)去掉字符串中的空格
select ltrim(' abc') s1,
rtrim('zhang ') s2,
trim(' zhang ') s3 from dual
2)去掉前导和后缀
select trim(leading 9 from 9998767999) s1,
trim(trailing 9 from 9998767999) s2,
trim(9 from 9998767999) s3 from dual;
5,返回字符串首字母的Ascii值
select ascii('a') from dual
6,返回ascii值对应的字母
select chr(97) from dual
7,计算字符串长度
select length('abcdef') from dual
8,initcap(首字母变大写) ,lower(变小写),upper(变大写)
select lower('ABC') s1,
upper('def') s2,
initcap('efg') s3
from dual;
9,Replace
select replace('abc','b','xy') from dual;
10,translate
select translate('abc','b','xx') from dual; -- x是1位
11,lpad [左添充] rpad [右填充](用于控制输出格式)
select lpad('func',15,'=') s1, rpad('func',15,'-') s2 from dual;
select lpad(dname,14,'=') from dept;
12, decode[实现if ..then 逻辑] 注:第一个是表达式,最后一个是不满足任何一个条件的值
select deptno,decode(deptno,10,'1',20,'2',30,'3','其他') from dept;
例:
select seed,account_name,decode(seed,111,1000,200,2000,0) from t_userInfo//如果seed为111,则取1000;为200,取2000;其它取0
select seed,account_name,decode(sign(seed-111),1,'big seed',-1,'little seed','equal seed') from t_userInfo//如果seed>111,则显示大;为200,则显示小;其它则显
示相等
13 case[实现switch ..case 逻辑]
SELECT CASE X-FIELD
WHEN X-FIELD < 40 THEN 'X-FIELD 小于 40'
WHEN X-FIELD < 50 THEN 'X-FIELD 小于 50'
WHEN X-FIELD < 60 THEN 'X-FIELD 小于 60'
ELSE 'UNBEKNOWN'
END
FROM DUAL
注:CASE语句在处理类似问题就显得非常灵活。当只是需要匹配少量数值时,用Decode更为简洁。
如:select decode(sign(变量1-变量2),-1,变量1,变量2) from dual; --取较小值
Decode函数的语法结构如下:
decode (expression, search_1, result_1)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, ...., search_n, result_n)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, default)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, default)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, ...., search_n, result_n, default)
decode函数比较表达式和搜索字,如果匹配,返回结果;如果不匹配,返回default值;如果未定义default值,则返回空值。
其他函数
1.user:
返回登录的用户名称
select user from dual;
2.vsize:
返回表达式所需的字节数
select vsize('HELLO') from dual;
3.nvl(ex1,ex2):
ex1值为空则返回ex2,否则返回该值本身ex1(常用)
例:如果雇员没有佣金,将显示0,否则显示佣金
select comm,nvl(comm,0) from emp;
4.nullif(ex1,ex2):
值相等返空,否则返回第一个值
例:如果工资和佣金相等,则显示空,否则显示工资
select nullif(sal,comm),sal,comm from emp;
5.coalesce:
返回列表中第一个非空表达式
select comm,sal,coalesce(comm,sal,sal*10) from emp;
6.nvl2(ex1,ex2,ex3) :
如果ex1不为空,显示ex2,否则显示ex3
如:查看有佣金的雇员姓名以及他们的佣金
select nvl2(comm,ename,') as HaveCommName,comm from emp;