Docker学习（1） Linux安装dockers

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已于 2024-04-10 16:22:21 修改

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分类专栏： Linux Docker 文章标签： linux 运维服务器

于 2024-04-03 11:46:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wang_8218/article/details/137339084

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Linux安装dockers

1、查看版本信息是否符合安装条件：

用户使用linux为64位操作系统；
系统内核版本至少在3.10以上。

[root@wangliukun ~]# uname -a
Linux wangliukun 6.5.6 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Oct 10 09:17:13 EDT 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@wangliukun ~]# uname -r
6.5.6

2、yum更新

使用Root权限登录 Centos。确保yum包更新到最新。

[root@wangliukun ~]# yum update

3、卸载原有docker

[root@wangliukun ~]# yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

4、安装docker（使用阿里云yum安装）

安装必要工具：

[root@wangliukun ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
已安装:
  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-54.el7_8                                                   

作为依赖被安装:
  python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7                                                  

完毕！

添加软件源信息

[root@wangliukun ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

遇到问题：

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.

原因：

Red Hat Subscription Manager订阅管理器，它会让你一直register

解决方法：禁用就好。

[root@wangliukun ~]#vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/subscription-manager.conf

[main]
enabled=0

重新添加软件源信息即可

换阿里镜像源

[root@wangliukun ~]# sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

更新并安装docker-CE

[root@wangliukun ~]# yum makecache fast
[root@wangliukun ~]# yum -y install docker-ce

已安装:
  docker-ce.x86_64 3:25.0.3-1.el7                                                      

作为依赖被安装:
  containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.6.28-3.1.el7                                                
  docker-buildx-plugin.x86_64 0:0.12.1-1.el7                                           
  docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:25.0.3-1.el7                                                  
  docker-ce-rootless-extras.x86_64 0:25.0.3-1.el7                                      
  docker-compose-plugin.x86_64 0:2.24.6-1.el7                                          

完毕！

开启docker服务设置开机自启

[root@wangliukun ~]# start docker.service
[root@wangliukun ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

安装校验

[root@wangliukun ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           25.0.3
 API version:       1.44
 Go version:        go1.21.6
 Git commit:        4debf41
 Built:             Tue Feb  6 21:17:10 2024
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          25.0.3
  API version:      1.44 (minimum version 1.24)
  Go version:       go1.21.6
  Git commit:       f417435
  Built:            Tue Feb  6 21:16:08 2024
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.28
  GitCommit:        ae07eda36dd25f8a1b98dfbf587313b99c0190bb
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.12
  GitCommit:        v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
[root@wangliukun ~]#

下载hello-world

[root@wangliukun ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
c1ec31eb5944: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d000bc569937abbe195e20322a0bde6b2922d805332fd6d8a68b19f524b7d21d
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

配置docker加速器（阿里云）
可能出现问题：无法拉取hello-world

[root@wangliukun ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/hello-world ... 
/usr/bin/docker-current: missing signature key.
See '/usr/bin/docker-current run --help'.

意思是docker在本地没有找到hello-world镜像，也没有从docker仓库中拉取到镜像。

异常原因：

这是因为docker服务器在国外，基于网速与“和谐墙”的问题，所以我们在国内操作国外镜像可能无法正常拉取，这需要我们为docker设置国内的阿里云镜像加速器。

解决方法：

1、登录阿里云 - 容器 Hub 服务控制台后，点击“镜像加速器”标签，找到镜像工具–>镜像加速

2、根据手册配置文件，添加阿里云镜像：

[root@wangliukun ~]#vi /etc/docker/daemon.json

 { 
 "registry-mirrors": ["https://v97vyodn.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] 
 }
 
 #systemctl restart docker
 #sudo systemctl status docker