flutter InheritedWidget数据共享

InteritedWidget说明

InheritedWidget是Flutter中非常重要的一个功能型组件，它提供了一种在Widget树中从上到下共享数据的方式，比如我们在一个应用的根Widget中通过InheritedWidget共享了一个数据，那么在这个应用的任意一个子Widget中都可以获取到该数据！在Flutter中的应用主题Theme和当前语言Locale正是通过InheritedWidget来共享信息的；

state生命周期之didChangeDependencies

State对象的didChangeDependencies回调方法，它会在依赖发生改变时被Flutter框架调用。这个"依赖"指的是子Widget是否使用了父Widget中InheritedWidget的数据！
如果使用了，则代表有依赖关系，否则没有依赖关系；这种机制可以使子组件在所依赖的InheritedWidget发生变化是来更新自身！

代码片段

class Counter extends InheritedWidget {
  const Counter({Key? key, required this.child, required this.counter})
      : super(key: key, child: child);

  final int counter;

  final Widget child;

  // 获取注册的Counter
  static Counter? of(BuildContext context) {
    return context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType<Counter>();
  }

  // 通知子widget是否更新
  @override
  bool updateShouldNotify(covariant Counter oldWidget) {
    return oldWidget.counter != counter;
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});

  final String title;

  @override
  State<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  int _counter = 0;

  void _incrementCounter() {
    setState(() {
      _counter++;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Counter(
        counter: _counter,
        child: Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text(widget.title),
          ),
          body: Center(
            child: Column(
              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
              children: const <Widget>[
                Text(
                  'You have pushed the button this many times:',
                ),
                CounterA(),
              ],
            ),
          ),
          floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
            onPressed: _incrementCounter,
            tooltip: 'Increment',
            child: const Icon(Icons.add),
          ), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
        ));
  }
}

class CounterA extends StatefulWidget {
  const CounterA({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  _CounterAState createState() => _CounterAState();
}

class _CounterAState extends State<CounterA> {
  @override
  void didChangeDependencies() {
    super.didChangeDependencies();
    print('父状态刷新了');
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    print('build执行了');
    return Text(
      '${context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType<Counter>()?.counter}',
      style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headline4,
    );
  }
}

总结：
didChangeDependencies会在启动时执行一次，子widget依赖了父widget的InheritedWidget
InheritedWidget状态改变调用updateShouldNotify通知子widget调用didChangeDependencies更新状态。