python基础知识之列表的加法、乘法

python基础知识之列表的加法、乘法

列表的加法

通过加法运算符将列表连接起来，加法运算符还可将字符串连接起来，但是，不能将列表和字符串连接。

>>> [1,2,3]+[4,5,6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> 'hello,'+'world!'
'hello,world!'
>>> [1,2,3]+'hello'
>>> [1,2,3]+'hello'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
    [1,2,3]+'hello'
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "str") to list
>>>

列表的乘法

用数字x乘以一个列表生成一个新列表，即原来的列表被重复x次（字符串也这样）。

>>> 'python'*3
pythonpythonpython'
>>>[31]*3
[31, 31, 31]
>>>

空列表 [ ] 表示什么都没有。
初始化 None 表示“没有内容”，但是需要创建一个占用多个元素的空间。

>>> result=[None]*4
>>> result
[None, None, None, None]
>>>

盒子例子

打印一个由字符组成的盒子，盒子在屏幕上居中且根据用户输入的句子自动调整大小。
盒子1：

#以正确宽度在居中的盒子内打印句子
sentence=raw_input('sentence:')

screen_width = 80
text_width = len(sentence)
box_width = text_width + 6
left_margin = (screen_width - box_width)//2

print
print ' '*left_margin+ '+' + '_' * (box_width-2) + '+'
print ' '*left_margin+ '|' +' '* (box_width-2) + '|'
print ' '*left_margin+ '|' + (box_width-text_width-2)//2*' '+sentence +(box_width-text_width-2)//2*' '+ '|'
print ' '*left_margin+ '|' +' '* (box_width-2) + '|'
print ' '*left_margin+ '+' + '_' * (box_width-2) + '+'
print

结果为：

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
sentence:Where are you ?

                             +___________________+
                             |                   |
                             |  Where are you ?  |
                             |                   |
                             +___________________+

>>> 
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
sentence:do you know you are a bad man?

                      +__________________________________+
                      |                                  |
                      |  do you know you are a bad man?  |
                      |                                  |
                      +__________________________________+


>>> 

盒子2：

#以正确宽度在居中的盒子内打印句子
sentence=raw_input('sentence:')

screen_width = 80
text_width = len(sentence)
box_width = text_width + 6
left_margin = (screen_width - box_width)//2

print
print ' '*left_margin+ '+' + '_' * (box_width-2) + '+'
print ' '*(left_margin+(box_width-text_width-2)//2)+ '|' +' '* text_width + '|'
print ' '*(left_margin+(box_width-text_width-2)//2)+ '|' +sentence + '|'
print ' '*(left_margin+(box_width-text_width-2)//2)+ '|' +' '* text_width + '|'
print ' '*left_margin+ '+' + '_' * (box_width-2) + '+'
print

结果为：

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
sentence:Where are you ?

                             +___________________+
                               |               |
                               |Where are you ?|
                               |               |
                             +___________________+

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
sentence:Do you know you are a bad man?

                      +__________________________________+
                        |                              |
                        |Do you know you are a bad man?|
                        |                              |
                      +__________________________________+

>>>