JavaWeb笔记----Request

Request：

• request对象和response对象的原理
  1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
  2. request对象是来获取请求消息，response对象是来设置响应消息

• request对象继承体系结构：

  • ServletRequest – 接口
    | 继承
  • HttpServletRequest – 接口
    | 实现
  • org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)

• request功能：

  • 获取请求消息数据
    • 获取请求行数据
      GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
      • 方法：
        1. 获取请求方式 ：GET
        String getMethod()
        2. 获取虚拟目录：/day14
        String getContextPath()
        3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
        String getServletPath()
        4. 获取get方式请求参数：name=zhangsan
        String getQueryString()
        5. 获取请求URI：/day14/demo1
        String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
StringBuffer getRequestURL() http://localhost/day14/demo1
URL:统一资源定位符 http://localhost/day14/demo1
URI：统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1
        6. 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
        String getProtocol()
        7. 获取客户机的IP地址：
        String getRemoteAddr()

      	@WebServlet("/RequestDemo1")
      	public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
      	    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
      	
      	    }
      	
      	    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
      	        //获取请求方式
      	        String method = request.getMethod();
      	        System.out.println(method);
      	        //获取虚拟目录
      	        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
      	        System.out.println(contextPath);
      	        //获取Servlet路径
      	        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
      	        System.out.println(servletPath);
      	        //获取get方式请求参数，name=zhangsan
      	        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
      	        System.out.println(queryString);
      	        //获取请求URI
      	        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
      	        System.out.println(requestURI);
      	        //获取请求URL
      	        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
      	        System.out.println(requestURL);
      	        //获取协议及版本
      	        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
      	        System.out.println(protocol);
      	        //获取客户机的IP地址
      	        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
      	        System.out.println(remoteAddr);
      	    }
      	}
      

    • 获取请求头数据
      • 方法：
        String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称

      @WebServlet("/RequestDemo2")
      public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
          protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
      
          }
      
          protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
              //获取请求 //获取所有请求头名称
              Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
              //遍历
              while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
                  String name = headerNames.nextElement();
      
                  String value = request.getHeader(name);
                  System.out.println(name+"----"+value);
              }
      
      
      	     //获取请求 //获取所有请求头名称  user-agent
              String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
              //判断agent的浏览器版本
              if(agent.contains("Chrome"))
                  System.out.println("谷歌来了");
              else if(agent.contains("Firefox"))
              {
                  System.out.println("火狐来了");
              }
      
        //获取请求 //获取所有请求头名称  referer
              String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
              System.out.println(referer);
              //反盗链
              if(referer != null)
              {
                  if(referer.contains("/java03")){
                      //正常访问
                      System.out.println("播放电影");
                  }else {
                      //盗链
                      System.out.println("想看电影吗");
                  }
      		 }
          }
      }
      

    • 获取请求体数据:
      • 请求体：只有POST请求方式，才有请求体，在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
        • 步骤：
          1. 获取流对象
             BufferedReader getReader()：获取字符输入流，只能操作字符数据
ServletInputStream getInputStream()：获取字节输入流，可以操作所有类型数据
          2. 再从流对象中拿数据

      @WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
      public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
          protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
              //获取请求消息体
      
              //1 获取字符流
              BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
              String line = null;
              while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
                  System.out.println(line);
              }
      
      		//post获取请求参数
              //根据参数名称获取参数值
              String username = request.getParameter("username");
              System.out.println("post");
              System.out.println(username);
      
              //根据参数名称获取参数值的数组----获取复选框的值
              String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
              for(String hobby: hobbies){
                  System.out.println(hobby);
              }
      
              //获取所有参数的请求名称
              Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
              while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
                  String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
                  System.out.println(name);
                  String value = request.getParameter(name);
                  System.out.println(value);
                  System.out.println("----------------------");
              }
      
              //获取所有参数的map集合
              Map<String, String[]> paramererMap = request.getParameterMap();
              //遍历
              Set<String> keySet = paramererMap.keySet();
              for(String name: keySet){
                  System.out.println(name);
                  String[] values = paramererMap.get(name);
                  for (String value : values) {
                      System.out.println(value);
                  }
                  System.out.println("===========================");
              }
          }
      
          protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
      		//get获取请求参数
              //根据参数名称获取参数值
              String username = request.getParameter("username");
              System.out.println("get");
              System.out.println(username);
          }
      }
      

• 其他功能：

  • 获取请求参数通用方式：不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
    String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合

  • 中文乱码问题：
    * get方式：tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
    * post方式：会乱码
    * 解决：在获取参数前，设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

  • 请求转发：一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式

    • 步骤：
      1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象：RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
      2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发：forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)

    • 特点：
      1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
      2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
      3. 转发是一次请求

@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //post获取请求参数username
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //post获取请求参数username
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
    }
}

• 请求转发：一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式

  • 步骤：
    1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象：RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
    2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发：forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)

  • 特点：
    1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
    2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
    3. 转发是一次请求

• 共享数据：

  • 域对象：一个有作用范围的对象，可以在范围内共享数据
  • request域：代表一次请求的范围，一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
  • 方法：
    1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
    2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
    3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对

• 获取ServletContext：
  * ServletContext getServletContext()

@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo8888");

        request.setAttribute("name","hehehheh");
        //转发到demo9
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(request.getAttribute("name"));
        System.out.println("demo99999999");
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}