1.引言
在ArcGIS API中有一种图层叫做GraphicsLayer
,GraphicsLayer
是一种客户端图层,GraphicsLayer
中的图形我们称作Graphic
,它对应着 esri/graphic
,一个Graphic
对象由四部分组成:geometry
,symbol
,attribute
,infoTemplate
组成,Graphic
对象在我们开发中用到的非常多。例如:利用Graphic
实现图形的高亮显示等等。
2.需求
在我们开发当中,关于Graphic
的使用非常多,我们可以利用Graphic
实现各种各样的功能。接下来我们根据一些需求来完成相应的功能。
2.1.根据具体坐标生成Graphic
- 在我们的实际开发当中可能会存在这样的需求:根据坐标以及形状生成相应的图形然后在地图显示出来
在上面说过一个Graphic
由四部分组成,在需求中我们已经知道坐标形状,即已经知道了geometry
,因此我们可以直接根据坐标生成相应的geometry
,从而创建Graphic
,然后添加到地图中来。
2.1.1代码实现
- 我们首先创建一个html页面,引入相应的文件将地图加载进来
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Graphic</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/dijit/themes/tundra/tundra.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/esri/css/esri.css" />
<script type="text/Javascript" src="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/init.js"></script>
<style>
.MapClass{
width:100%;
height:500px;
border:1px solid #000;
}
</style>
<script>
require(["esri/map","esri/layers/ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer",
"dojo/domReady!"],function(Map,ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer){
var map = new Map("mapDiv");
var layer = new ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer
("http://localhost:6080/arcgis/rest/services/Test/MyService/MapServer");
map.addLayer(layer);
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="mapDiv" class="MapClass"></div>
</body>
</html>
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- 创建四个按钮,将四类不同的
Graphic
添加到GraphicsLayer
中
<button>添加点</button>
<button>添加线</button>
<button>添加面</button>
<button>添加圆</button>
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引入相应的模块,其中包括:
dojo/on
(用于绑定事件的模块)
esri/symbols/SimpleMarkerSymbol
(点符号类)
esri/symbols/SimpleLineSymbol
(线符号类)
esri/symbols/SimpleFillSymbol
(面符号类)
esri/geometry/Point
(点类)
esri/geometry/Polyline
(折线类)
esri/geometry/Polygon
(面类)
esri/geometry/Circle
(圆类)
dojo/query
(dojo的选择器,用于选择DOM元素)
esri/graphic
(图形类)
esri/layers/GraphicsLayer
(客户端图层类)为相应的按钮添加绑定事件
//创建客户端图层
var graphicsLayer=new GraphicsLayer();
//将客户端图层添加到地图中
map.addLayer(graphicsLayer);
//通过query查询到button对象
var btns=query("button");
on(btns,"click",function(event){
//获得按钮的文本
var text=this.innerHTML;
//定义线符号
var lineSymbol=new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbol.STYLE_DASH, new Color([255, 0, 0]), 3);
//定义点符号l
var pSymbol=new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbol.STYLE_CIRCLE,10, lineSymbol, new Color([255, 0, 0]));
//定义面符号
var fill=SimpleFillSymbol(SimpleFillSymbol.STYLE_SOLID, lineSymbol, new Color([255, 0, 0]));
//声明一个类型和图形
var geometry;
var graphic;
//根据文本定义相应的geometry
switch(text)
{
case "添加点":
geometry=new Point({
"x":510706,
"y":3986100,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,pSymbol);
break;
case "添加线":
//点的坐标对
var paths=[];
paths[0]=[
[510326,3985702],
[510994, 3985676],
[511078, 3985903],
[510433, 3985928]
];
geometry=new Polyline({
"paths":paths,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference
})
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,lineSymbol);
break;
case "添加面":
//点的坐标对
var ring=[];
ring[0]=[
[510275, 3986100],
[510508, 3986162],
[510596, 3986032],
[510271, 3985847],
[510275, 3986100]
];
geometry=new Polygon({
"rings":ring,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,fill);
break;
case "添加圆":
//圆心
var p=new Point({
"x":510706,
"y":3986100,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference
});
//半径
var r=20;
geometry=new Circle(p,{
"radius":r
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,fill);
break;
}
//将图形添加到图层中
graphicsLayer.add(graphic);
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2.1.2全部代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Graphic</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/dijit/themes/tundra/tundra.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/esri/css/esri.css" />
<script type="text/Javascript" src="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/init.js"></script>
<style>
.MapClass{
width:100%;
height:500px;
border:1px solid #000;
}
</style>
<script>
require(["esri/map","esri/layers/ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer",
"esri/layers/GraphicsLayer",
"dojo/on","dojo/query","dojo/colors",
"esri/graphic","esri/symbols/SimpleMarkerSymbol",
"esri/symbols/SimpleLineSymbol",
"esri/symbols/SimpleFillSymbol",
"esri/geometry/Point",
"esri/geometry/Polyline","esri/geometry/Polygon",
"esri/geometry/Circle",
"dojo/domReady!"],
function(Map,ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer, GraphicsLayer,on,query,Color,Graphic, SimpleMarkerSymbol,SimpleLineSymbol, SimpleFillSymbol,Point,Polyline,Polygon,Circle){
var map = new Map("mapDiv");
var layer = new ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer
("http://localhost:6080/arcgis/rest/services/Test/MyService/MapServer");
map.addLayer(layer);
//创建客户端图层
var graphicsLayer=new GraphicsLayer();
//将客户端图层添加到地图中
map.addLayer(graphicsLayer);
//通过query查询到button对象
var btns=query("button");
on(btns,"click",function(event){
//获得按钮的文本
var text=this.innerHTML;
//定义线符号
var lineSymbol=new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbol.STYLE_DASH, new Color([255, 0, 0]), 3);
//定义点符号l
var pSymbol=new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbol.STYLE_CIRCLE,10, lineSymbol, new Color([255, 0, 0]));
//定义面符号
var fill=SimpleFillSymbol(SimpleFillSymbol.STYLE_SOLID, lineSymbol, new Color([255, 0, 0]));
//声明一个类型和图形
var geometry;
var graphic;
//根据文本定义相应的geometry
switch(text)
{
case "添加点":
geometry=new Point({
"x":510706,
"y":3986100,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,pSymbol);
break;
case "添加线":
//点的坐标对
var paths=[];
paths[0]=[
[510326,3985702],
[510994, 3985676],
[511078, 3985903],
[510433, 3985928]
];
geometry=new Polyline({
"paths":paths,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference
})
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,lineSymbol);
break;
case "添加面":
//点的坐标对
var ring=[];
ring[0]=[
[510275, 3986100],
[510508, 3986162],
[510596, 3986032],
[510271, 3985847],
[510275, 3986100]
];
geometry=new Polygon({
"rings":ring,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,fill);
break;
case "添加圆":
//圆心
var p=new Point({
"x":510706,
"y":3986100,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference
});
//半径
var r=20;
geometry=new Circle(p,{
"radius":r
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,fill);
break;
}
//将图形添加到图层中
graphicsLayer.add(graphic);
})
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="mapDiv" class="MapClass"></div>
<button>添加点</button>
<button>添加线</button>
<button>添加面</button>
<button>添加圆</button>
</body>
</html>
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2.1.3代码解释
- 我们利用
dojo/query
查询到所有的button
对象,利用dojo/on
模块给所有的button
对象绑定事件。 - 在此例子中,有一个缺点:便是将点的坐标写死了,因此我们可以将点的坐标存放在一个json文件中,从而读取文件生成相应的点坐标
2.2.GraphicsLayer的属性查询
在前面我们提到过,Graphic
是可以存在属性的,在实际开发当中,有时我们需要将相应的属性查询出来,在此时我提供一个简单的方法,便是根据 GraphicsLayer的点击事件来查询Graphic
的属性。
2.2.1代码实现
- 首先我们添加一系列带有属性的
Graphic
(此处我们只用点图形便可以)
//创建客户端图层
var graphicsLayer=new GraphicsLayer();
//将客户端图层添加到地图中
map.addLayer(graphicsLayer);
//添加点图形的函数
function addGraphic()
{
//定义线符号
var lineSymbol=new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbol.STYLE_DASH, new Color([255, 0, 0]), 3);
//定义点符号l
var pSymbol=new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbol.STYLE_CIRCLE,10, lineSymbol, new Color([255, 0, 0]));
//声明形状
var geometry;
//声明和图形
var graphic;
//添加第一个点图形
geometry=new Point({
"x":510706,
"y":3986100,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference,
attributes:{
"h":100
}
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,pSymbol);
graphicsLayer.add(graphic);
//添加第二个点图形
geometry=new Point({
"x":510326,
"y":3985702,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference,
attributes:{
"h":200
}
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,pSymbol);
graphicsLayer.add(graphic);
//添加第三个点图形
geometry=new Point({
"x":510275,
"y":3986100,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference,
attributes:{
"h":300
}
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,pSymbol);
graphicsLayer.add(graphic);
}
//调用添加点图形的函数
addGraphic();
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- 给
GraphicsLayer
绑定相应的事件
//绑定事件
on(graphicsLayer,"click",function(event){
var graphic=event.graphic;
alert(graphic.attributes["h"]);
})
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2.2.2全部代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Graphic</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/dijit/themes/tundra/tundra.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/esri/css/esri.css" />
<script type="text/Javascript" src="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/init.js"></script>
<style>
.MapClass{
width:100%;
height:500px;
border:1px solid #000;
}
</style>
<script>
require(["esri/map","esri/layers/ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer",
"esri/layers/GraphicsLayer",
"dojo/on","dojo/query","dojo/colors",
"esri/graphic","esri/symbols/SimpleMarkerSymbol",
"esri/symbols/SimpleLineSymbol",
"esri/geometry/Point",
"dojo/domReady!"],
function(Map,ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer, GraphicsLayer,on,query,Color,Graphic, SimpleMarkerSymbol,SimpleLineSymbol,Point){
var map = new Map("mapDiv");
var layer = new ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer
("http://localhost:6080/arcgis/rest/services/Test/MyService/MapServer");
map.addLayer(layer);
//创建客户端图层
var graphicsLayer=new GraphicsLayer();
//将客户端图层添加到地图中
map.addLayer(graphicsLayer);
//添加点图形的函数
function addGraphic()
{
//定义线符号
var lineSymbol=new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbol.STYLE_DASH, new Color([255, 0, 0]), 3);
//定义点符号l
var pSymbol=new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbol.STYLE_CIRCLE,10, lineSymbol, new Color([255, 0, 0]));
//声明形状
var geometry;
//声明和图形
var graphic;
//添加第一个点图形
geometry=new Point({
"x":510706,
"y":3986100,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference,
attributes:{
"h":100
}
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,pSymbol);
graphicsLayer.add(graphic);
//添加第二个点图形
geometry=new Point({
"x":510326,
"y":3985702,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference,
attributes:{
"h":200
}
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,pSymbol);
graphicsLayer.add(graphic);
//添加第三个点图形
geometry=new Point({
"x":510275,
"y":3986100,
"spatialReference":map.spatialReference,
attributes:{
"h":300
}
});
graphic=new Graphic(geometry,pSymbol);
graphicsLayer.add(graphic);
}
//调用添加点图形的函数
addGraphic();
//绑定事件
on(graphicsLayer,"click",function(event){
var graphic=event.graphic;
alert(graphic.attributes["h"]);
})
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="mapDiv" class="MapClass"></div>
</body>
</html>
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2.2.3代码解释
- 需要注意的是
graphicsLayer
的事件机制是针对于graphic
图形的,也就是当图形graphic
被点击时被触发,此时回调函数也会将那个图形被点击传给我们,从而得到图形的属性 - 有的同学不太喜欢新建一个
graphicsLayer
,而是使用map.graphics.add()
方法添加一个图形graphic
,其实原理是一样的,因为map
本身有一个默认的graphicsLayer
即:map.graphics
返回的便是一个graphicsLayer
对象 - 在此代码当中我们只是将获得到的属性信息
alert
了一下,在真实需求当中我们可能会利用相应的属性信息做很多的事情。
2.3.实现用户交互画图(Draw工具)
在部分项目中,有这么一个需求:让用户在地图上自己绘制一个图形,然后将图形添加到地图当中,要实现这个功能我们需要借助esri
提供给我们的工具条实现:esri/toolbars/draw
,利用该工具条我们可以得到用户交互画出来的geometry
,从而根据geometry
生成相应的graphic
,使用该工具的一般步骤为:
- 创建绘图对象
- 激活绘图工具
- 得到图形Geometry
- 创建Graphic
- 添加到地图
2.3.1代码实现
- 创建5个
button
(和第一个例子一样) - 创建绘图对象
var toolbar = new Draw(map, { showTooltips: true });
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- 给每一个
button
绑定相应的事件(激活绘图工具)
query("button").on("click",function(event){
var value=this.innerHTML;
switch(value){
case "绘制点":{
//激活绘图工具(画点)
toolbar.activate(Draw.POINT, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
case "绘制折线":{
//激活绘图工具(画折线)
toolbar.activate(Draw.POLYLINE, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
case "绘制面":{
//激活绘图工具(绘制面)
toolbar.activate(Draw.POLYGON, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
case "徒手线":{
//激活绘图工具(徒手线)
toolbar.activate(Draw.FREEHAND_POLYLINE, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
case "徒手面":{
//激活绘图工具(徒手面)
toolbar.activate(Draw.FREEHAND_POLYGON, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
}
});
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- 给绘图工具绑定绘图完成事件
on(toolbar,"draw-complete", function (result) {
//获得几何形状
var geometry=result.geometry;
//获得形状的类型
var type=geometry.type;
//声明图形对象
var graphic;
//通过几何形状的类型,创建不同的图形
switch (type) {
case "point":
graphic= new Graphic(geometry, marker);
break;
case "polyline":
graphic= new Graphic(geometry, lineSymbol);
break;
case "polygon":
graphic= new Graphic(geometry, fill);
break;
}
map.graphics.add(graphic);
//关掉绘图工具
toolbar.deactivate();
});
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2.3.2全部代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<title>WebGIS</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/dijit/themes/tundra/tundra.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/esri/css/esri.css" />
<script type="text/Javascript" src="http://localhost/arcgis_js_api/library/3.17/3.17/init.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
.MapClass{
width:100%;
height:500px;
border:1px solid #000;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
require(["esri/map","dojo/dom","dojo/on",
"esri/layers/ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer",
"dojo/query","esri/toolbars/draw",
"esri/symbols/SimpleLineSymbol","esri/graphic","esri/symbols/SimpleMarkerSymbol", "esri/symbols/SimpleFillSymbol","dojo/domReady!"],
function (Map,dom,on, ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer,query, Draw, SimpleLineSymbol,Graphic,SimpleMarkerSymbol,SimpleFillSymbol) {
var map = new esri.Map("MyMapDiv");
var layer = new ArcGISDynamicMapServiceLayer
("http://localhost:6080/arcgis/rest/services/Test/MyService/MapServer");
map.addLayer(layer)
var toolbar = new Draw(map, { showTooltips: true });
var lineSymbol = new SimpleLineSymbol(SimpleLineSymbol.STYLE_DASH, new dojo.Color([255, 0, 0]), 3);
var marker= new SimpleMarkerSymbol(SimpleMarkerSymbol.STYLE_CIRCLE,10, lineSymbol, new dojo.Color([255, 0, 0]));
var fill= new SimpleFillSymbol(SimpleFillSymbol.STYLE_SOLID, lineSymbol, new dojo.Color([255, 0, 0]));
on(toolbar,"draw-complete", function (result) {
var geometry=result.geometry;
var type=geometry.type;
var graphic;
switch (type) {
case "point":
graphic= new Graphic(geometry, marker);
break;
case "polyline":
graphic= new Graphic(geometry, lineSymbol);
break;
case "polygon":
graphic= new Graphic(geometry, fill);
break;
}
map.graphics.add(graphic);
toolbar.deactivate();
});
query("button").on("click",function(event){
var value=this.innerHTML;
switch(value){
case "绘制点":{
toolbar.activate(Draw.POINT, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
case "绘制折线":{
toolbar.activate(Draw.POLYLINE, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
case "绘制面":{
toolbar.activate(Draw.POLYGON, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
case "徒手线":{
toolbar.activate(Draw.FREEHAND_POLYLINE, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
case "徒手面":{
toolbar.activate(Draw.FREEHAND_POLYGON, {
showTooltips:true
})
break;
}
}
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="MyMapDiv" class="MapClass"></div>
<button>绘制点</button>
<button>绘制折线</button>
<button>绘制面</button>
<button>徒手线</button>
<button>徒手面</button>
</body>
</html>
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2.3.3代码解释
- 在使用绘图工具时,最主要的不同为:在激活绘图工具时的赋予的参数的不同。
graphic
只是客户端图形,并不改变服务本身,如果想要改变服务本身的数据,需要使用要素服务,用到esri/toolbars/Edit
工具。
3.总结
通过上面几个需求得知,在生成graphic
时,最主要是有用这个图形的几何信息,几何信息可以通过多方面获得,例如:
- 通过具体的坐标生成
geometry
(实现) - 通过draw工具动态获得
geometry
(实现) - 我们还可以通过map的点击事件获得点的
geometry
(可以尝试自己实现)。
一旦拥有了图形的几何信息,我们就可以直接创建graphic
,从而添加到地图中来。