Android开发之访问和显示网络图片

注：本文是对原博文http://blog.csdn.net/woshisap/article/details/6619449
的修改和补充。由于Android 4.0之后，Android SDK规定（而且是强制的）对网络资源的访问便不能放在主线程中进行，必须另起一条线程，同时，对UI的更新又只有主线程才能完成。为了能够使得主次线程间能够完成信息的传递，我们可以引入Handler+Message机制。

1：androidmanifest.xml的内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
      package="com.sample.getimagefromweb"  
      android:versionCode="1"  
      android:versionName="1.0">  
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">  
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"  
                  android:label="@string/app_name">  
            <intent-filter>  
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />  
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />  
            </intent-filter>  
        </activity>  

    </application>  
    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />  
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />  

</manifest>   

注意：访问网络中的数据需要添加android.permission.INTERNET权限

2：MainActivity的内容

package com.sample.getimagefromweb;  

import java.io.IOException;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.example.service.ImageService;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";  

    private EditText urlPath = null;  
    private Button button = null;  
    private ImageView imageView = null;  
    private static final int COMPLETED = 0;

    Bitmap bitmap;

    @Override  
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.main);  

        urlPath = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.urlpath);  
        button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button);  
        imageView = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageView);  

        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  

            @Override  
            public void onClick(View v) {  

                new Thread( new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        String urlPathContent = urlPath.getText().toString();  
                        try {  
                            byte[] data = ImageService.getImage(urlPathContent);  
                            bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length);  //生成位图  

                            //处理完成后给handler发送消息  
                            Message msg = new Message();  
                            msg.what = COMPLETED;  
                            handler.sendMessage(msg);
                        } catch (IOException e) {  
                            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, R.string.error, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  //通知用户连接超时信息  
                            Log.i(TAG, e.toString());  
                        }  
                    }
                }).start();
            }  
        });  
    }

    @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
    private Handler handler = new Handler() {  
        @Override  
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  
            if (msg.what == COMPLETED) {  
                imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);  
            }  
        }  
    };  
}  

这里得说一下原博文中存在的问题：
1.AndroidRuntime(10217): android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException
04-30 15:42:34.808: E/AndroidRuntime(10217): at android.os.StrictMode$AndroidBlockGuardPolicy.onNetwork(StrictMode.java:1099)

这里的NetworkOnMainThreadException 已经说得很明显了，网络访问不能放在Main线程中。

2.AndroidRuntime(10347): android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.

光另起一条新线程还不够，你还需要把新线程中网络访问得到的结构再传递给主线程，让主线程对UI进行更新，否则会报如上错误。采用Handler和Message来达到这个目的。

和原博文相比，最主要的区别就在于本例引入了Handler+Message机制，大家可以对比一下。

3：ImageService类的内容

package com.sample.service;  

import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.InputStream;  
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;  
import java.net.URL;  

import com.sample.utils.StreamTool;  

public class ImageService {  

    public static byte[] getImage(String path) throws IOException {  
        URL url = new URL(path);  
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();  
        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");   //设置请求方法为GET  
        conn.setReadTimeout(5*1000);    //设置请求过时时间为5秒  
        InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();   //通过输入流获得图片数据  
        byte[] data = StreamTool.readInputStream(inputStream);     //获得图片的二进制数据  
        return data;  

    }  
}  

4：StreamTool的内容

package com.sample.utils;  

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.InputStream;  

public class StreamTool {  

    /* 
     * 从数据流中获得数据 
     */  
    public static  byte[] readInputStream(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {  
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  
        int len = 0;  
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
        while((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {  
            bos.write(buffer, 0, len);  
        }  
        bos.close();  
        return bos.toByteArray();  

    }  
}  

5：程序中用到的字符串资源strings.xml里的内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<resources>  
    <string name="hello">Hello World, MainActivity!</string>  
    <string name="app_name">图片浏览器</string>  
    <string name="urlpath">网络图片地址</string>  
    <string name="button">显示</string>  
    <string name="error">网络连接超时</string>  
</resources>  

6：程序布局文件main.xml的内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    android:orientation="vertical"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
    >  
<TextView    
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
    android:text="@string/urlpath"  
    />  
<EditText   
    android:id="@+id/urlpath"  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
    android:text="http://p2.qhimg.com/t011a129298524275c5.jpg"  
    />  
<Button  
    android:id="@+id/button"  
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"   
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
    android:text="@string/button"  
    />  
<ImageView  
    android:id="@+id/imageView"  
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"   
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
/>  
</LinearLayout>