Objective-C KVC

KVC

常用方法

//赋值
- (void)setValue:(nullable id)value forKey:(NSString *)key;
//取值
- (nullable id)valueForKey:(NSString *)key;

参数key类型NSString value类型id(nullable 可以为nil)
eg:
MyClass

#import "MySubclass.h"
@interface MyClass : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *myClassName;
@property (nonatomic, strong) MySubclass *mySubclass;
@end

@implementation MyClass

@end

MySubclass

@interface MySubclass : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *MySubclassName;
@end

@implementation MySubclass

@end

	MyClass *myClass = [[MyClass alloc]init];
    NSLog(@"myClass.myClassName: %@",myClass.myClassName);
    [myClass setValue:@"name" forKey:@"myClassName"];
    NSLog(@"myClass.myClassName: %@",[myClass valueForKey:@"myClassName"]);

修赋值和取值成功

对不存在的key进行赋值和取值

	MyClass *myClass = [[MyClass alloc]init];
    NSLog(@"don't exit variable: %@",[myClass valueForKey:@"don't exit"]);
    [myClass setValue:@"name" forKey:@"don't exit"];

对不存在的key进行操作就是抛出异常:

- (nullable id)valueForKey:(NSString *)key; 对应异常
'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<MyClass 0x17402e840> valueForUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key don't exit.'

- (void)setValue:(nullable id)value forKey:(NSString *)key;对应异常
 'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<MyClass 0x170026f80> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key don't exit.'

处理方式

1. 不对不存在的成员变量进行操作
2. 通过以下方法进行操作

@implementation MyClass

- (void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{
    NSLog(@"class: %@, cmd: %@, key:%@",self.class, NSStringFromSelector(_cmd), key);
}

-(id)valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key{
    NSLog(@"class: %@, cmd: %@, key: %@",self.class ,NSStringFromSelector(_cmd) , key);
    return nil;
}

@end

通过这两个方法系统就不会抛异常，在这两个方法里对key不存在情况特殊处理。

禁止访问class的成员变量

//default return YES, return NO  不能访问成员变量
+(BOOL)accessInstanceVariablesDirectly{
    return NO;
}

通过成员变量操作就会抛NSUnknownKeyException异常

	MyClass *myClass = [[MyClass alloc]init];
    [myClass setValue:@"name" forKey:@"_myClassName"];

'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<MyClass 0x17003d3a0> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key _myClassName.'

重写setter/getter
key为属性名 key为成员变量则操作失败
在MyClass 中

-(void)setMyClassName:(NSString *)myClassName{
    NSLog(@"setter %@", myClassName);
}
-(NSString *)myClassName{
    return @"getter name";
}

进行key的赋值和取值操作!

进行赋值是会调用setter方法
进行取值是会调用getter方法

key的多个名称
对key赋值取值顺序依次为:
_key, _isKey, key, isKey

interface MyClass (){
    NSString *_myClassName;
    NSString *_isMyClassName;
    NSString *myClassName;
    NSString *isMyClassName;
}
@end

@implementation MyClass

-(instancetype)init{
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        _myClassName = @"_myClassName";
        _isMyClassName = @"_isMyClassName";
        myClassName = @"myClassName";
        isMyClassName = @"isMyClassName";
    }
    return self;
}
@end

MyClass *myClass = [[MyClass alloc]init];
NSLog(@"myClass.myClassName: %@",[myClass valueForKey:@"myClassName"]);

按顺序注释掉key的取值顺序可证

若按照对应的名称取值

	MyClass *myClass = [[MyClass alloc]init];
	NSLog(@"myClass.myClassName: %@",[myClass valueForKey:@"_myClassName"]);
    NSLog(@"myClass.myClassName: %@",[myClass valueForKey:@"_isMyClassName"]);
    NSLog(@"myClass.myClassName: %@",[myClass valueForKey:@"myClassName"]);
    NSLog(@"myClass.myClassName: %@",[myClass valueForKey:@"isMyClassName"]);

除了key为原名称进行取值 其他情况下取值是对应的值.
key为原名称按照顺序进行取值

同理 setValue操作也是如此

补充
根据点语法keypath操作

- (void)setValue:(nullable id)value forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;
- (nullable id)valueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;

示例

	MyClass *myClass = [[MyClass alloc]init];
    myClass.mySubclass = [[MySubclass alloc]init];
    myClass.mySubclass.MySubclassName = @"oldName";
    [myClass setValue:@"newName" forKeyPath:@"mySubclass.MySubclassName"];
    NSLog(@"myClass.mySubclass.MySubclassName: %@",[myClass valueForKeyPath:@"mySubclass.MySubclassName"]);

集合运算符
KVC Collection Operators