主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较【转载】

主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较【转载】 从网上搜集而来的，本来是分成几个部分，为查找方便合在一起了   主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之一）目录结构对比 Directory Mappings AIX FreeBSD HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64 Root filesystem / {/dev/hd4} / {/dev/ad0s1a} / {/dev/vg00/lvol1} / {/dev/sda1} / {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} / {/dev/rz0a} Home Directory /home {/dev/hd1}   /home {/dev/vg00/lvol4} /export/home /dev/vx/dsk/home} /tmp {/dev/hd3}   /tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6} /tmp /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol} /usr {/dev/hd2} /usr {/dev/ad0s1f} /usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7} /usr /usr {/dev/rz0g} /var {/dev/hd9var} /var {/dev/ad0s1e} /var {/dev/vg00/lvol8} /var Sample configuration files -   /usr/newconfig 　 主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之二）用户帐号的设置 用户账号设置相关 AIX FreeBSD HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) Solaris Tru64 密码文件 /etc/passwd /etc/security/passwd /etc/passwd /etc/master.passwd /etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/passwd 组文件 /etc/group /etc/security/group /etc/group /etc/group /etc/logingroup /etc/group /etc/group /etc/group 允许的最大用户ID 4294967295 65535 2147483647 65535 2147483647 65535 允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/security/user {rlogin=true} /etc/ttys {secure} /etc/securetty {console} /etc/securetty {ttyp1} /etc/default/login {CONSOLE=/dev/console} /etc/securettys {ttyp1} 用户“nobody”的用户ID 4294967294 65534 -2 99 60001 & 65534(nobody4) 65534 “nobody”组的ID号 4294967294 65534 -2(nogroup) 99 60002 & 65534(nogroup) 65534 找回ROOT密码 boot from CD/Tape Installation/Maintenance Start Limited Shell getrootfs hdisk0 vi /etc/security/passwd ok boot -s passwd root >boot Interact with IPL ? Y ISL>hpux -iS passwd root {lilo} control-x linux S passwd root {grub} c kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8 initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img boot passwd root boot cdrom -s mkdir /tmp/a mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow press the HALT Button or (Control-P) >>>boot -fl s lsmbstartup /sbin/bcheckrc passwd root 创建新用户 mkuser adduser useradd useradd useradd useradd 删除用户 rmuser rmuser userdel userdel userdel userdel 列出用户 lsuser -f ALL   logins logins   修改用户帐号 chuser -a   usermod usermod usermod usermod 　 主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之三）常用命令 General Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) Solaris Tru64 Unique host ID hostid   uname -i hostid hostid hostid Administrator smit   sam linuxconf admintool Performance monitor top monitor top top glance top top top System activity reporter sar sa sar sar Virtual Memory statistics vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat I/O statistics iostat iostat iostat iostat iostat Error logs alog -o -t boot errpt dmesg dmesg dmesg dmesg uerf -R -o full Physical RAM 1M TB 　 4TB 64 GB {>2.3.24} 16TB 4TB Shared Memory 64K TB 　 8TB sysctl kernel.shmmax Process Data Space 384K TB 　 4TB 900 MB Swap device /dev/hd6 /dev/ad0s1b /dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/sda2 /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol /dev/rz0b Swap file type /etc/swapspaces swap swap partition type 82 swap raw Display swap size lsps -a swapinfo swapinfo -a free swap -l swapon -s Activate Swap swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swap -a swapon -a 　 主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之四）打印机、TCP/IP相关设置 Printers AIX FreeBSD HP-UX LINUX Solaris Tru64 Printer Queues /etc/qconfig /var/spool/print /etc/lp/interface/* /var/spool/lpd/lp/* /etc/lp/interfaces/* /usr/spool/lpd Stop LP stopsrc -s lpd   lpshut /etc/init.d/lpd stop /usr/lib/lp/lpshut /sbin/init.d/lpd stop Start LP startsrc -s lpd lpd lpsched /etc/init.d/lpd start /usr/lib/lp/lpsched /sbin/init.d/lpd start Submit print jobs enq lp lpr qprt lp lp lpr lp lpr lp lpr LP statistics enq -A lpq lpstat qchk lpq lpstat lpq lpstat lpstat Remove print jobs cancel lprm qcan enq -x cancel lprm cancel lprm cancel lprm cancel lprm Add printer queue smit mkpq   lpadmin -p pq printtool lpadmin -p pq lprsetup Remove Printer queue smit rmpq   lpadmin -x pq lpadmin -x pq lprsetup Make default printer export LPDEST="pq"   lpadmin -d pq lpadmin -d pq export PRINTER="lp" 　 TCP/IP AIX   HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) Solaris Tru64 Network IP configuration lsattr -E -l inet0 /etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.config.d/netconf /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /etc/hostname.* /etc/inet/* /etc/defaultrouter /etc/rc.config Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/hosts /etc/hosts /etc/hosts /etc/inet/hosts /etc/hosts Name service switch /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/svc.conf Network parameters no -a sysctl ndd -h sysctl -a | grep net ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ? Routing daemon gated routed gated routed in.routed routed NIC Configurations ifconfig -a ifconfig -a lanscan -v ifconfig -a ifconfig -a ifconfig -a Secondary IP Address ifconfig en0 alias IP ifconfig xl0 alias IP ifconfig lan0:1 IP modprobe ip_alias ifconfig eth0:1 IP ifconfig hme0:1 IP up ifconfig ln0 alias Login prompt HERALD @ /etc/security/login.cfg 　 telnetd -b /etc/issue /etc/issue BANNER @ /etc/default/telnetd /etc/issue Increase the # of pseudo-terminals odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" | odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P reboot rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=# NSTRPY=# reboot insf -d ptys -n # insf -d ptym -n # insf -d pts -s # -e -v cd /dev ./MAKEDEV -v pty {/etc/system} set pt_cnt = # {SYSV} set npty = # {BSD} {/etc/iu.ap} ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat halt boot -r cd /dev ./MAKEDEV PTY_1 Maximum # of ptys 512   {MAXUSERS} 256 176 {BSD} 3000 {SYSV} 8192 Remote Shell remsh rsh rsh remsh rsh rsh rsh YP/NIS service binder /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbind 　 主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之五）系统文件比较 System Files AIX FreeBSD HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) Solaris Tru64 NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/exports NFS Client mounted directories /etc/xtab   /etc/xtab /var/lib/nfs/xtab /etc/rmtab /var/adm/mountdtab Max File System 128 GB   128 GB 2 TB 1 TB 8000 TB {vxfs} 128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs} Max File Size 64 GB   128 GB 2 GB {512B block size} 8192 GB {8KB block size} 1 TB 2 GB {=<2.5.1} 128 GB {<= 3.2G} 512 GB {>= 4.0} 16 TB {advfs} Max # File Descriptors 64 K   60~ K sysctl fs.file-max 64 K 64 K 　 主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之六）磁盘与逻辑卷命令比较 DISK/LVM Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64 Filesystem table /etc/filesystems /etc/fstab /etc/fstab /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab /etc/fstab Free disk blocks df -k df -k bdf df -k df -k df -k Device listing lsdev -C   /sbin/ioscan cat /proc/devices sysdef Disk information bootinfo -s hdisk# fdisk -v ad0 diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d# cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model format -d c#t#d# format>current format>inquiry file /dev/rrz0c Disk Label lspv -l hdisk# disklabel ad0 pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d# fdisk -l prtvtoc disklabel -p rz0 LVM Concepts Partition sub disk logical extents logical extents sub disk sub disk Volume Volume logical volume logical volume Volume Volume Plex Plex Plex Volume group   volume group volume group disk group disk group Journal Filesystem type jfs   vxfs ext2 vxfs advfs Default volume group /dev/rootvg   /dev/vg00 /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg /dev/vol/rootdg Display volume group lsvg -l rootvg   vgdisplay -v vg00 vgdisplay -v vxprint -l -g rootdg volprint -l -g rootdg Modify physical volume chpv   pvchange pvchange Prepare physical disk mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#   pvcreate pvcreate vxdiskadd voldiskadd List physical volume lspv vinum ld pvdisplay pvdisplay vxprint -dl volprint -dl Remove disk from volume group reducevg   vgreduce vgreduce vxdg rmdisk voldg rmdisk Move logical volumes to another physical volumes migratepv vinum move -f drive object pvmove pvmove vxassist move volassist move Create volume group mkvg   vgcreate vgcreate vxdg init voldg init Remove volume group 　 vgremove vgremove Volume group availability chvg varyonvg varyoffvg vgchange vgchange Restore volume group 　 vgcfgrestore vgcfgrestore Exports volume group exportvg   vgexport vgexport vxdg deport voldg deport Imports volume group importvg   vgimport vgimport vxdg import voldg import Volume group listing lsvg   vgscan vgscan Change logical volume characteristics chlv   lvchange lvchange vxedit set voledit set List logical volume lslv vinum lv lvdisplay lvdisplay vxprint -vl volprint -vl Make logical volume mklv   lvcreate lvcreate vxassist make volassist make Extend logical volume extendlv   lvextend lvextend vxassist growto volassist growto Reduce logical volume AIX reduce LV   lvreduce lvreduce vxassist shrinkto volassist shrinkto Remove logical volume rmlv vinum rm vol lvremove lvremove vxedit rm voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1 Prepare boot volumes bootlist -m normal   lvlnboot lilo vxbootsetup Remove boot volumes 　 lvrmboot Extend File system chfs -a size=# /mt   extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt resize2fs vxva mkfs -M Reduce/Split mirrors rmlvcopy   lvsplit lvsplit Merge mirrors 　 lvmerge lvmerge Create mirrors mklv -c 2 vinum mirror drive lvcreate -m 1   vxassist mirror volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true Add mirrors mklvcopy lv 2 　 lvextend -m 1 Create striped volumes mklv -u 3 -S 64K vinum stripe drive lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5 volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe System recovery tape mksysb -i /dev/rmt0   /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery 　 /usr/sys/bin/btcreate Backup savevg -i rootvg vinum saveconfig fbackup tar cvf /dev/rst0 / ufsdump vdump Restore restvg 　 frecover tar xvf /dev/rst0 ufsrestore vrestore 　 主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之七）安装与卸载 Software AIX FreeBSD HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64 Install Software installp -a pkg_add swinstall rpm -i package pkgadd setld -l Uninstall software installp -u pkg_delete swremove rpm -e package pkgrm setld -d List installed software lslpp -L all pkg_info -a swlist rpm -qa pkginfo setld -i Verify installed software lppchk -v   swlist -l fileset -a state rpm -V package pkginfo -i pkginfo -p setld -v List all files lslpp -f fileset pkg_info -L package swlist -l file fileset rpm -ql package pkgchk -l package setld -i package List installed patches instfix -i   swlist -l patch what /stand/vmunix patchadd -p dupatch -track -type patch Package owner lslpp -w path   swlist -l file | grep path rpm -qf file pkgchk -l -p path   SW Directory /usr/lpp /var/db/pkg /var/adm/sw/ /var/lib/rpm /var/sadm /var/adm/smlogs 　 主流服务器UNIX操作系统比较（之八）其它命令 MISC AIX FreeBSD HP-UX LINUX(RedHat) SOLARIS Tru64 　 Startup script /etc/rc /etc/rc /sbin/rc /etc/rc.d/rc /sbin/init.d /sbin/init.d 　 Kernel /usr/lib/boot/unix_up /kernel /stand/vmunix /boot/vmlinuz /kernel/genunix /vmunix 　 Kernel Parameters lsattr -E -l sys0 sysctl -a sysdef kmtune kmsystem sysctl -a sysdef -i sysconfig dxkerneltuner 　 Reconfigure the kernel chdev -l sys0 -a cd /sys/i386/conf vi KERNEL config KERNELcd ../../compile /KERNEL make depend make make install cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm /system_prep -v -s system vi system mk_kernel -s system cd /stand mv system system.prev mv vmunix vmunix.prev mv dlkm dlkm.prevmv /stand/build /system systemkmupdate /stand/build /vmunix_test cd /usr/src/linux make mrproper make menuconfig make dep make clean make bzimage make install make modules make modules_install cp arch/i386 /boot/bzImage /boot /vmlinuz-2.2.16 mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16 vi /etc/lilo.conf lilo vi /etc/system reboot doconfig 　 List modules genkex kldstat kmadmin -s lsmod modinfo   　 Load module   kldload kmadmin -L insmod modload   　 Unload module   kldunload kmadmin -U rmmod modunload   　 Initialize system install_assist /stand/sysinstall set_parms initial netconf sys-unconfig netsetup 　 Physical RAM bootinfo -r sysctl hw.physmem grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog /syslog.log free prtconf uerf | grep memory 　 Kernel Bits bootinfo -k   getconf KERNEL_BITS getconf WORD_BIT isainfo -kv 64 　 Crash utility crash crash adb lcrash crash kdbx 　 Trace System Calls syscalls truss tusc strace truss trace 　 Machine model uname -m bootinfo -m uname -m model uname -m uname -m uname -imp uname -p 　 yaanzy 发表于:2006.09.08 15:18 ::分类: ( LinuxUnix技术 ) ::阅读:(341次) :: 评论 (0)

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