3 完整解决方案
Sunny软件公司开发人员使用状态模式来解决账户状态的转换问题,客户端只需要执行简单的存款和取款操作,系统根据余额将自动转换到相应的状态,其基本结构如图4所示:
图4 银行账户结构图
在图4中,Account充当环境类角色,AccountState充当抽象状态角色,NormalState、OverdraftState和RestrictedState充当具体状态角色。完整代码如下所示:
温馨提示:代码有点长,需要有耐心!
- //银行账户:环境类
- class Account {
- private AccountState state; //维持一个对抽象状态对象的引用
- private String owner; //开户名
- private double balance = 0; //账户余额
- public Account(String owner,double init) {
- this.owner = owner;
- this.balance = balance;
- this.state = new NormalState(this); //设置初始状态
- System.out.println(this.owner + "开户,初始金额为" + init);
- System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
- }
- public double getBalance() {
- return this.balance;
- }
- public void setBalance(double balance) {
- this.balance = balance;
- }
- public void setState(AccountState state) {
- this.state = state;
- }
- public void deposit(double amount) {
- System.out.println(this.owner + "存款" + amount);
- state.deposit(amount); //调用状态对象的deposit()方法
- System.out.println("现在余额为"+ this.balance);
- System.out.println("现在帐户状态为"+ this.state.getClass().getName());
- System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
- }
- public void withdraw(double amount) {
- System.out.println(this.owner + "取款" + amount);
- state.withdraw(amount); //调用状态对象的withdraw()方法
- System.out.println("现在余额为"+ this.balance);
- System.out.println("现在帐户状态为"+ this. state.getClass().getName());
- System.out.println("---------------------------------------------");
- }
- public void computeInterest()
- {
- state.computeInterest(); //调用状态对象的computeInterest()方法
- }
- }
- //抽象状态类
- abstract class AccountState {
- protected Account acc;
- public abstract void deposit(double amount);
- public abstract void withdraw(double amount);
- public abstract void computeInterest();
- public abstract void stateCheck();
- }
- //正常状态:具体状态类
- class NormalState extends AccountState {
- public NormalState(Account acc) {
- this.acc = acc;
- }
- public NormalState(AccountState state) {
- this.acc = state.acc;
- }
- public void deposit(double amount) {
- acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() + amount);
- stateCheck();
- }
- public void withdraw(double amount) {
- acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() - amount);
- stateCheck();
- }
- public void computeInterest()
- {
- System.out.println("正常状态,无须支付利息!");
- }
- //状态转换
- public void stateCheck() {
- if (acc.getBalance() > -2000 && acc.getBalance() <= 0) {
- acc.setState(new OverdraftState(this));
- }
- else if (acc.getBalance() == -2000) {
- acc.setState(new RestrictedState(this));
- }
- else if (acc.getBalance() < -2000) {
- System.out.println("操作受限!");
- }
- }
- }
- //透支状态:具体状态类
- class OverdraftState extends AccountState
- {
- public OverdraftState(AccountState state) {
- this.acc = state.acc;
- }
- public void deposit(double amount) {
- acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() + amount);
- stateCheck();
- }
- public void withdraw(double amount) {
- acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() - amount);
- stateCheck();
- }
- public void computeInterest() {
- System.out.println("计算利息!");
- }
- //状态转换
- public void stateCheck() {
- if (acc.getBalance() > 0) {
- acc.setState(new NormalState(this));
- }
- else if (acc.getBalance() == -2000) {
- acc.setState(new RestrictedState(this));
- }
- else if (acc.getBalance() < -2000) {
- System.out.println("操作受限!");
- }
- }
- }
- //受限状态:具体状态类
- class RestrictedState extends AccountState {
- public RestrictedState(AccountState state) {
- this.acc = state.acc;
- }
- public void deposit(double amount) {
- acc.setBalance(acc.getBalance() + amount);
- stateCheck();
- }
- public void withdraw(double amount) {
- System.out.println("帐号受限,取款失败");
- }
- public void computeInterest() {
- System.out.println("计算利息!");
- }
- //状态转换
- public void stateCheck() {
- if(acc.getBalance() > 0) {
- acc.setState(new NormalState(this));
- }
- else if(acc.getBalance() > -2000) {
- acc.setState(new OverdraftState(this));
- }
- }
- }
编写如下客户端测试代码:
- class Client {
- public static void main(String args[]) {
- Account acc = new Account("段誉",0.0);
- acc.deposit(1000);
- acc.withdraw(2000);
- acc.deposit(3000);
- acc.withdraw(4000);
- acc.withdraw(1000);
- acc.computeInterest();
- }
- }
编译并运行程序,输出结果如下:
段誉开户,初始金额为0.0 --------------------------------------------- 段誉存款1000.0 现在余额为1000.0 现在帐户状态为NormalState --------------------------------------------- 段誉取款2000.0 现在余额为-1000.0 现在帐户状态为OverdraftState --------------------------------------------- 段誉存款3000.0 现在余额为2000.0 现在帐户状态为NormalState --------------------------------------------- 段誉取款4000.0 现在余额为-2000.0 现在帐户状态为RestrictedState --------------------------------------------- 段誉取款1000.0 帐号受限,取款失败 现在余额为-2000.0 现在帐户状态为RestrictedState --------------------------------------------- 计算利息! |
【作者:刘伟 http://blog.csdn.net/lovelion】