在C语言中,可以使用结构体来建立学生信息数据库。以下是一个简单的示例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
// 定义学生信息结构体
struct Student {
char name[50];
int age;
float score;
};
// 定义全局变量,用于记录学生数量
int student_count = 0;
// 定义函数,用于添加学生信息
void add_student() {
struct Student student;
printf("请输入学生姓名:");
scanf("%s", student.name);
printf("请输入学生年龄:");
scanf("%d", &student.age);
printf("请输入学生成绩:");
scanf("%f", &student.score);
// 将学生信息添加到数组中
student_count++;
struct Student *students = (struct Student*)malloc(student_count * sizeof(struct Student));
int i = 0;
for ( i = 0; i < student_count - 1; i++) {
students[i] = students[i + 1];
}
students[student_count - 1] = student;
// 将学生信息存储到文件中
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("students.txt", "a");
fprintf(fp, "%s %d %.2f\n", student.name, student.age, student.score);
fclose(fp);
}
// 定义函数,用于检索学生信息
void search_student() {
char name[50];
printf("请输入要查找的学生姓名:");
scanf("%s", name);
FILE *fp;
char line[100];
fp = fopen("students.txt", "r");
while (fgets(line, 100, fp)) {
struct Student student;
sscanf(line, "%s %d %f", student.name, &student.age, &student.score);
if (strcmp(name, student.name) == 0) {
printf("姓名:%s,年龄:%d,成绩:%.2f\n", student.name, student.age, student.score);
break;
}
}
fclose(fp);
}
void delete_student() {
char name[50];
printf("请输入要删除的学生姓名:");
scanf("%s", name);
// 打开文件并读取所有学生信息到动态数组中
FILE *fp = fopen("students.txt", "r");
char line[100];
student_count = 0; // 重置学生数量
while (fgets(line, 100, fp)) {
struct Student student;
sscanf(line, "%s %d %f", student.name, &student.age, &student.score);
student_count++; // 更新学生数量
}
fclose(fp);
// 创建新的动态数组,存储未删除的学生信息
struct Student *students = (struct Student*)malloc(student_count * sizeof(struct Student));
int j = 0;
fp = fopen("students.txt", "r");
while (fgets(line, 100, fp)) {
struct Student student;
sscanf(line, "%s %d %f", student.name, &student.age, &student.score);
if (strcmp(name, student.name) != 0) { // 如果不是要删除的学生,则复制到新数组中
students[j++] = student;
}
}
fclose(fp);
// 将新数组写入文件并释放内存
fp = fopen("students.txt", "w");
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < j; i++) { // 只写入未删除的学生信息
fprintf(fp, "%s %d %.2f\n", students[i].name, students[i].age, students[i].score);
}
fclose(fp);
free(students); // 释放内存
}
void main()
{
int choice;
int con_loop = 1;
while (con_loop)
{
printf("1:add\n");
printf("2:search\n");
printf("3:deleate\n");
printf("0:exit\n");
printf("请输入您的选项:");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
add_student();
break;
case 2:
search_student();
break;
case 3:
delete_student();
break;
case 0:
con_loop = 0;
break;
default :
printf("非法输入。\n");
}
} //while
}