SQLPLUS下出现显示问号的问题

在linux下进入sqlplus出现“问号”，如下：

[oracle@why-server ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed May 15 16:20:03 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


???: 
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate;
????????
????????
ORACLE ???????
SQL> startup
ORACLE ???????

Total System Global Area 1.0689E+10 bytes
Fixed Size    2216344 bytes
Variable Size 5905583720 bytes
Database Buffers 4764729344 bytes
Redo Buffers   16945152 bytes
????????
????????

解决方法：

[oracle@why-server ~]$ export NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk

[oracle@why-server ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile 

NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG

即可解决。