C++多线程系列（C++11）——条件变量condition_variable（六）

Data 2018/11/13 Add By WJB

在客户端显示服务发送的数据时，一般处理方法:首先创建一个deque作为缓存，接受的服务端push进deque中，客户端有一个线程取deque中数据，如图所示。

简单的处理代码如下：

mutex m_mutex;
deque<int> g_deque1;

void Function_1()
{
	int count = 10;
	while (count>0)
	{
		unique_lock<mutex> locker(m_mutex);
		g_deque1.push_front(count);
		locker.unlock();
        this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(1000));
		count--;
	}
}
int i = 0;
void Function_2()
{
	int data = 0;
	while (data!=1)
	{
		i++;
		cout << "while times" << i << endl;
		unique_lock<mutex> locker(m_mutex);
		if (!g_deque1.empty())
		{
			data = g_deque1.back();
			g_deque1.pop_back();
			locker.unlock();
			cout << "t2 got a value form t1:" << data << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			locker.unlock();
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	thread thread1(Function_1);
	thread thread2(Function_2);

	thread1.join();
	thread2.join();
	return 0;
}

线程1不断写入，线程2判断队列部位空时取出一个数据。但是这样写有个问题，如果有一段时间队列为空，那么线程2就一直在无限循环，上述代码输出结果如下：

根据数据结果，很明显可以看出，在队列没有数据的时间，线程2在不段的循环，这样势必会抢占一下资源。对上述代码稍作修改，比如让线程2在判断队列为空时休眠一下，取50毫秒，这样就可以减少循环。修改后代码和输出结果如下：

int i = 0;
void Function_2()
{
	int data = 0;
	while (data!=1)
	{
		i++;
		cout << "while times" << i << endl;
		unique_lock<mutex> locker(m_mutex);
		if (!g_deque1.empty())
		{
			data = g_deque1.back();
			g_deque1.pop_back();
			locker.unlock();
			cout << "t2 got a value form t1:" << data << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			locker.unlock();
			this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(50));
		}
	}
}

根据输出结果可以看出，线程2减少了很多无用的循环，但是在实际工作中，队列接受数据时间没有规律，因此线程2设置休眠的时间也很难控制， 为了解决这个问题引入条件变量condition_variable.修改代码如和输出结果如果：

头文件#include <condition_variable> 

说明变量  condition_variable contion;

void Function_1()
{
	int count = 10;
	while (count > 0)
	{
		unique_lock<mutex> locker(m_mutex);
		g_deque1.push_front(count);
		locker.unlock();
		contion.notify_one();//解锁一个等待该线程的线程
		this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(1000));

		count--;
	}
}
int i = 0;
void Function_2()
{
	int data = 0;
	while (data != 1)
	{
		i++;
		cout << "while times" << i << endl;
		unique_lock<mutex> locker(m_mutex);
		contion.wait(locker);
		data = g_deque1.back();
		g_deque1.pop_back();
		locker.unlock();
		cout << "t2 got a value form t1:" << data << endl;
	}
}

结果很明显线程2没有一次多余的循环，contion.notify_one();//解锁一个等待该线程的线程，如果有多个线程等待则需要“contion.notify_all();”，为了防止线程2伪激活，需要对contion.wait()中添加一个lamda表达式参数，contion.wait(locker, [](){return !g_deque1.empty();});

最终代码如下：

#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <deque>  
#include <mutex>
#include <fstream>
#include <condition_variable>
using namespace std;

mutex m_mutex;
deque<int> g_deque1;

condition_variable contion;
void Function_1()
{
	int count = 10;
	while (count > 0)
	{
		unique_lock<mutex> locker(m_mutex);
		g_deque1.push_front(count);
		locker.unlock();
		contion.notify_all();//解锁一个等待该线程的线程
		this_thread::sleep_for(chrono::milliseconds(1000));
		count--;
	}
}
int i = 0;
void Function_2()
{
	int data = 0;
	while (data != 1)
	{
		i++;
		cout << "while times" << i << endl;
		unique_lock<mutex> locker(m_mutex);
		contion.wait(locker, [](){return !g_deque1.empty();});
		data = g_deque1.back();
		g_deque1.pop_back();
		locker.unlock();
		cout << "t2 got a value form t1:" << data << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	thread thread1(Function_1);
	thread thread2(Function_2);

	thread1.join();
	thread2.join();
	return 0;
}