LeetCode每日一题(30. Substring with Concatenation of All Words)

You are given a string s and an array of strings words of the same length. Return all starting indices of substring(s) in s that is a concatenation of each word in words exactly once, in any order, and without any intervening characters.

You can return the answer in any order.

Example 1:

Input: s = “barfoothefoobarman”, words = [“foo”,“bar”]
Output: [0,9]

Explanation: Substrings starting at index 0 and 9 are “barfoo” and “foobar” respectively.
The output order does not matter, returning [9,0] is fine too.

Example 2:

Input: s = “wordgoodgoodgoodbestword”, words = [“word”,“good”,“best”,“word”]
Output: []

Example 3:

Input: s = “barfoofoobarthefoobarman”, words = [“bar”,“foo”,“the”]
Output: [6,9,12]

Constraints:

• 1 <= s.length <= 104
• 1 <= words.length <= 5000
• 1 <= words[i].length <= 30
• s and words[i] consist of lowercase English letters.

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这题作为 hard 的题目， 难度其实不大，思路比较简单， 但是挺考验将思路转化为代码的能力。
先说思路， 因为 words 里面的单词都是固定长度的， 比如[‘aaa’, ‘bbb’, ‘ccc’], 其 length=3, 所以对于任何字符串 s， 我们只需要对 s[0…], s[1…], s[2…]进行检查就可以了， 因为 s[3…], s[4…], s[5…]这些分别都会在 s[0…], s[1…], s[2…]中检查到。对于每一个子串的检查其实也不复杂， 建立一个 queue， 每次将 s[i…i+length]拿出来， 检查 words 里是否有这个单词，如果有则将这个单词 push 到 queue 中， 然后检查 queue 中的该单词是不是有超出 words 里面约定的数量的， 如果有那就需要持续 left pop queue， 直到 queue 里的该单词数量等于约定数量， 然后就可以检查 queue 里的元素及其数量是不是与 words 中的一致， 如果一致则将此时形成该 queue 的起始 index 放到答案中

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use std::collections::HashMap;

impl Solution {
    fn check(curr: &Vec<String>, target: &HashMap<String, i32>) -> bool {
        let m = curr.into_iter().fold(HashMap::new(), |mut m, v| {
            *m.entry(v).or_insert(0) += 1;
            m
        });
        if m.len() != target.len() {
            return false;
        }
        for (k, v) in m {
            if v != *target.get(k).unwrap() {
                return false;
            }
        }
        true
    }
    fn find(
        chars: &[char],
        words: &HashMap<String, i32>,
        length: usize,
        offset: usize,
    ) -> Vec<i32> {
        let mut q = Vec::new();
        let mut start = 0;
        let mut end = length;
        let mut ans = Vec::new();
        while end <= chars.len() {
            let word: String = chars[end - length..end].into_iter().collect();
            if !words.contains_key(&word) {
                q.clear();
                start = end;
                end = end + length;
                continue;
            }
            let required = words.get(&word).unwrap();
            q.push(word.clone());
            let mut count = q.iter().filter(|&v| v == &word).count();
            while count as i32 > *required {
                let head = q.remove(0);
                start += length;
                if head == word {
                    count -= 1;
                }
            }
            if Solution::check(&q, &words) {
                ans.push(start as i32 + offset as i32);
            }
            end += length;
        }
        ans
    }
    pub fn find_substring(s: String, words: Vec<String>) -> Vec<i32> {
        let length = words[0].len();
        let words: HashMap<String, i32> = words.into_iter().fold(HashMap::new(), |mut m, v| {
            *m.entry(v).or_insert(0) += 1;
            m
        });
        let chars: Vec<char> = s.chars().collect();
        let mut ans = Vec::new();
        for i in 0..length {
            ans.append(&mut Solution::find(&chars[i..], &words, length, i));
        }
        ans
    }
}