使用Maven构建Spring项目

1.新建一个web项目

参考之前的博文使用Maven构建web项目这一章节

2.修改pom.xml，添加Spring依赖

<span style="font-size:12px;"><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.carson.demo</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring3</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>spring3 Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.9</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 添加Servlet -->  
    <dependency>    
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>    
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>    
        <version>3.0-alpha-1</version>    
        <scope>provided</scope>    
    </dependency> 
    <!-- 添加Spring依赖 -->
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    	<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    	<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    	<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    	<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    	<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    	<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    	<version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>spring3</finalName>
    <outputDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>
  </build>
</project>
</span>

注意：之前我们在构建web项目时，修改了Maven的编译目录，我这里修改为“src/webapp/WEB-INF/classes”,之后新建了HelloWorld的测试类，报错无法找到或者加载主类，这里只需要在pom.xml文件Maven的build标签下加入<outputDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>，问题解决。

3.添加Spring配置文件，applicationContext.xml

Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml默认是放在WEB-INF/目录下，Maven构建的web项目资源文件统一放在src/main/resources下。这里给出了两种方式注入bean，我选择了注解方式，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="  
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd  
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop   
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd  
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">  
       
     <!-- 方法一：使用xml -->
     <!-- <bean id="studentService" class="com.carson.spring.service.StudentServiceImpl"></bean> -->
     
     <!-- 方法二：使用注解，告诉spring容器到base-package路径下去扫描所有的类，从而找到被注解的类。-->
      <context:component-scan base-package="com.carson.spring.service"/>
      
</beans> 

4.测试

写了简单的测试类，测试Spring项目是否构建成功，这里贴出测试代码，供参考。

student.java

package com.carson.spring.model;

public class Student {

	private String name;
	
	private int age;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	
}

StudentService.java

package com.carson.spring.service;

import com.carson.spring.model.Student;

public interface StudentService {

	public void save(Student student);
}

StudentServiceImpl.java

package com.carson.spring.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.carson.spring.model.Student;

@Service("studentService")
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

	@Override
	public void save(Student student) {
		
		System.out.println("------>>>>>>>Student name:"+student.getName());

	}

}

StudentBeanTest.java

package com.carson.spring.test;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.carson.spring.model.Student;
import com.carson.spring.service.StudentService;

public class StudentBeanTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 使用ApplicationContext来初始化系统
		BeanFactory factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "applicationContext.xml");
		System.out.println(factory);
		//通过spring获取实例对象
		StudentService studentService = (StudentService) factory.getBean("studentService");
		Student student = new Student();
		student.setName("carson");
		studentService.save(student);
	}
}

执行测试类，控制台打印------>>>>>>>Student name:carson，到此为止，Spring项目构建成功。

另外说下，在这里我们没有用到web.xml.后续章节会讲到怎么在web.xml添加spring。