linux下oracle安装及自启动

    初次安装ORACLE弄的一头雾水，感觉难到极点，真想骂句什么垃圾系统。后来经高人指点又仔细安装了一次，每个步骤都问个为什么，安装下来感觉也就那么回事。简单记录一下，以备后用。

   首先，操作系统的安装是很重要的，在安装的时候把必要的软件包安装了在装ORACLE的时候就可以省去很多麻烦，具体结论是：在选择软件包安装时，开发下面除去kde外别的全部安装，如此下来ORACLE需要的包就基本满足了，真漏了哪个可以在LINUX安装盘上找到的。

具体安装LINUX的过程就不在详细描述了。

   其次，就是按照官方文档进行一步一步的安装如下：

  Unpack Files

    Unzip the files:

unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip

    You should now have a single directory containing installation files. Depending on the age of the download this   may either be named "db/Disk1" or "database".

   Hosts File

     The /etc/hosts file must contain a fully qualified name for the server:

<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

   Set Kernel Parameters

     Add the following lines to the /etc/sysctl.conf file:

#kernel.shmall = 2097152
#kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
#fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144

    Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters:

/sbin/sysctl -p

    Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

 *               soft    nproc   2047
*               hard    nproc   16384
*               soft    nofile  1024
*               hard    nofile  65536

   Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

   Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows:

SELINUX=disabled

       Alternatively, this alteration can be done using the GUI tool (System > Administration > Security Level and  Firewall). Click on the SELinux tab and disable the feature.

    Setup

     Install the following packages:

# From RedHat AS5 Disk 1
cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh setarch-2*
rpm -Uvh make-3*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0*
cd /
eject

# From RedHat AS5 Disk 2
cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-3*
rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
rpm -Uvh gcc-4*
rpm -Uvh libXp-1*
cd /
eject

# From RedHat AS5 Disk 3
cd /media/cdrom/Server
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2*
rpm -Uvh compat-db-4*
cd /
eject

 

    Create the new groups and users:

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle

    Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed:

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01

    Login as root and issue the following command:

xhost +<machine-name>

     Edit the /etc/redhat-release file replacing the current release information (Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Tikanga)) with the following:

redhat-4

      Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the .bash_profile file:

# Oracle Settings
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=TSH1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
  if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
    ulimit -p 16384
    ulimit -n 65536
  else
    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
  fi
fi

    Installation

       Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable:

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

        Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the database directory:

./runInstaller

然后就是界面操作了，基本上是下一步就结束了

最后：就是随系统自启动了，具体步骤如下：

 1        编辑 /etc/oratab 把N改成Y 要不然dbstart起不了作用 TSH1:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y

 2   编写服务脚本：将脚本命名为oracle10g 保存在/etc/rc.d/init.d下  ,ORACLE用户具有读写权限。脚本内容如下：

# !/bin/bash
# whoami
# root
# chkconfig: 345 51 49
# /etc/init.d/oracle10g
# description: starts the oracle dabase deamons
#
ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/
ORA_OWNER=oracle
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting oracle10g: "
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" &
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle10g
echo
;;
stop)
echo -n "shutting down oracle10g: "
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" &
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle10g
echo
;;

restart)
echo -n "restarting oracle10g: "
$0 stop
$0 start
echo
;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart"
exit 1

esac
exit 0

3  添加服务 chkconfig --add oracle10g

 至此 一切OK