SaltStack之配置管理

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-10 12:06:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-10 12:06:10 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wangniezhou/article/details/108084693

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YAML语言

YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则：

使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master 
...此处省略N行
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
...此处省略N行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

需要注意：

base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

用SaltStack配置一个apache实例

在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base/web/apache
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/web/apache/
[root@master apache]# vim apache.sls
apache-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: httpd

apache-service:
  service.running:
    - name: httpd
    - enable: True

// YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID，必须全局唯一，不能重复
// SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读，所以要把先执行的写在前面


//执行状态描述文件
[root@master ~]# salt "minion" state.sls web.apache.apache saltenv=base
minion:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Package httpd is already installed.
     Started: 07:18:25.900316
    Duration: 503.529 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is in the desired state
     Started: 07:18:26.404263
    Duration: 211.989 ms
     Changes:   

Summary
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2

在Minion上检查

[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-08-18 07:13:32 EDT; 5min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 2190 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─2190 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2195 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2196 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2197 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2198 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─2199 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Aug 18 07:13:07 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 18 07:13:22 minion httpd[2190]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the serve...age
Aug 18 07:13:32 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@minion ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q   Local Address:Port                  Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                  *:22                               *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100          127.0.0.1:25                               *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128               [::]:80                            [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      128               [::]:22                            [::]:*                  
LISTEN     0      100              [::1]:25                            [::]:*

由以上内容可知apache确实已部署成功。

执行状态文件的技巧：

先用test.ping测试需要执行状态文件的主机是否能正常通信，然后再执行状态文件

top file

top file介绍

直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。

top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。

top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

top file 实例：

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:   //要执行状态文件的环境
  "minion":     //要执行状态文件的目标
    - web.apache.apache   //要执行的状态文件

//停止minion的httpd
[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop httpd

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate   //使用高级状态来执行
master:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or external nodes data matches found.   //在top file里没找到它要干啥
     Started: 
    Duration: 
     Changes:   

Summary
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
minion:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Package httpd is already installed.
     Started: 09:09:18.229640
    Duration: 516.345 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is in the desired state
     Started: 09:09:18.746439
    Duration: 182.581 ms
     Changes:   

Summary
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code


//查看minion的httpd状态
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-08-18 09:03:50 EDT; 9min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 12714 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 12874 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─12874 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─12880 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─12881 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─12882 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─12883 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─12884 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Aug 18 09:02:50 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 18 09:03:20 minion httpd[12874]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the serv...age
Aug 18 09:03:50 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

注意：

若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt ‘*’ state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

高级状态highstate的使用

管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate   //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令

注意：
上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。

若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。

//停掉minon上的httpd服务
[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2020-08-18 09:17:45 EDT; 2s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 13221 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 12874 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 12874 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"

Aug 18 09:02:50 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 18 09:03:20 minion httpd[12874]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the serv...age
Aug 18 09:03:50 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Aug 18 09:17:44 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 18 09:17:45 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

//在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master ~]# salt "minion" state.highstate test=True
minion:
----------
          ID: apache-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: httpd
      Result: True
     Comment: Package httpd is already installed.
     Started: 09:22:10.359815
    Duration: 518.8 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: apache-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: httpd
      Result: None
     Comment: Service httpd is set to start
     Started: 09:22:10.879122
    Duration: 127.79 ms
     Changes:   

Summary
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2

//在minion上查看httpd是否启动
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2020-08-18 09:17:45 EDT; 7min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 13221 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 12874 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 12874 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"

Aug 18 09:02:50 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 18 09:03:20 minion httpd[12874]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the serv...age
Aug 18 09:03:50 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Aug 18 09:17:44 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
Aug 18 09:17:45 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

//由此可见高级状态并没有执行，因为httpd并没有启动

小洲_Hello

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SaltStack之配置管理

YAML语言YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。YAML语言的格式如下：house: family: name: Doe parents: - John - Jane children: - Paul - Mark - Simone add
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