SaltStack数据系统
SaltStack有两大数据系统,分别是:
- Grains
- Pillar
SaltStack数据系统组件
SaltStack组件之Grains
什么是Grains?
Grains是SaltStack的一个组件,存放着minion启动时收集的底层系统的静态信息。Grains中包含诸如运行的操作系统、内核版本、CPU个数、内存、主机名、IP地址、物理设备型号、甚至机器的SN号等非常多的信息。
Grains是存储在minion端的,当minion启动时,会进行Grains的采集工作,然后保存下来。在以后的生命周期(再次重启minion,会重新收集)是不会发生变化的,所以是静态数据。你可能已经想到这些数据可以用来做资产管理的信息收集。
Grains应用场景
- Grains可以在state系统中使用,用于配置管理模块。
- Grains可以target中使用,在用来匹配Minion,比如匹配操作系统,使用-G选项。
- Grains可以用于信息查询,Grains保存着收集到的客户端的详细信息。
模板中进行目标匹配请看:https://docs.saltstack.com/en/latest/topics/pillar/
信息查询实例:
//列出所有grains的key和value
[root@master ~]# salt "minion" grains.items
minion:
----------
biosreleasedate: //bios的时间
04/13/2018
biosversion: //bios的版本
6.00
cpu_flags: //cpu相关的属性
- fpu
- vme
- de
- pse
- tsc
- msr
- pae
- mce
- cx8
- apic
- sep
- mtrr
- pge
- mca
- cmov
- pat
- pse36
- clflush
- mmx
- fxsr
- sse
- sse2
- ss
- syscall
- nx
- pdpe1gb
- rdtscp
- lm
- constant_tsc
- arch_perfmon
- nopl
- xtopology
- tsc_reliable
- nonstop_tsc
- eagerfpu
- pni
- pclmulqdq
- ssse3
- fma
- cx16
- pcid
- sse4_1
- sse4_2
- x2apic
- movbe
- popcnt
- tsc_deadline_timer
- aes
- xsave
- avx
- f16c
- rdrand
- hypervisor
- lahf_lm
- abm
- 3dnowprefetch
- invpcid_single
- ssbd
- ibrs
- ibpb
- stibp
- fsgsbase
- tsc_adjust
- bmi1
- avx2
- smep
- bmi2
- invpcid
- mpx
- rdseed
- adx
- smap
- clflushopt
- xsaveopt
- xsavec
- arat
- md_clear
- spec_ctrl
- intel_stibp
- flush_l1d
- arch_capabilities
cpu_model: //cpu的具体型号
Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8265U CPU @ 1.60GHz
cpuarch: //cpu架构
x86_64
cwd:
/
disks:
- sda
- sr0
dns:
----------
domain:
ip4_nameservers:
- 192.168.201.2
ip6_nameservers:
nameservers:
- 192.168.201.2
options:
search:
- localdomain
sortlist:
domain:
fqdn:
minion
fqdn_ip4: //ip地址
- 192.168.201.139
fqdn_ip6:
- fe80::760f:18e:5208:788f
fqdns:
- minion
gid:
0
gpus:
|_
----------
model:
SVGA II Adapter
vendor:
vmware
groupname:
root
host: //主机名
minion
hwaddr_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
00:0c:29:7f:9e:47
lo:
00:00:00:00:00:00
id: //minion的ID
minion
init:
systemd
ip4_gw:
192.168.201.2
ip4_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.201.139
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
ip6_gw:
False
ip6_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- fe80::760f:18e:5208:788f
lo:
- ::1
ip_gw:
True
ip_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.201.139
- fe80::760f:18e:5208:788f
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
ipv4:
- 127.0.0.1
- 192.168.201.139
ipv6:
- ::1
- fe80::760f:18e:5208:788f
kernel:
Linux
kernelparams:
|_
- BOOT_IMAGE
- /vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
|_
- root
- /dev/mapper/centos-root
|_
- ro
- None
|_
- crashkernel
- auto
|_
- spectre_v2
- retpoline
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- centos/root
|_
- rd.lvm.lv
- centos/swap
|_
- rhgb
- None
|_
- quiet
- None
|_
- LANG
- en_US.UTF-8
kernelrelease:
3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64
kernelversion:
#1 SMP Tue Mar 31 23:36:51 UTC 2020
locale_info:
----------
defaultencoding:
UTF-8
defaultlanguage:
en_US
detectedencoding:
UTF-8
timezone:
unknown
localhost:
minion
lsb_distrib_codename:
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
lsb_distrib_id:
CentOS Linux
machine_id:
c6cad66cb7384c368fea3e0b4b637e0e
manufacturer:
VMware, Inc.
master:
192.168.201.138
mdadm:
mem_total:
1819
nodename:
minion
num_cpus:
1
num_gpus:
1
os:
CentOS
os_family:
RedHat
osarch:
x86_64
oscodename:
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
osfinger:
CentOS Linux-7
osfullname:
CentOS Linux
osmajorrelease:
7
osrelease:
7.8.2003
osrelease_info:
- 7
- 8
- 2003
path:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
pid:
1757
productname:
VMware Virtual Platform
ps:
ps -efHww
pythonexecutable:
/usr/bin/python3
pythonpath:
- /usr/bin
- /usr/lib64/python36.zip
- /usr/lib64/python3.6
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload
- /usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages
- /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages
pythonversion:
- 3
- 6
- 8
- final
- 0
saltpath:
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/salt
saltversion:
3001.1
saltversioninfo:
- 3001
- 1
selinux:
----------
enabled:
False
enforced:
Disabled
serialnumber:
VMware-56 4d c1 27 74 7e 3d 34-69 8a 71 09 e6 7f 9e 47
server_id:
279719642
shell:
/bin/sh
ssds:
swap_total:
2047
systemd:
----------
features:
+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 -SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN
version:
219
systempath:
- /usr/local/sbin
- /usr/local/bin
- /usr/sbin
- /usr/bin
uid:
0
username:
root
uuid:
27c14d56-7e74-343d-698a-7109e67f9e47
virtual:
VMware
zfs_feature_flags:
False
zfs_support:
False
zmqversion:
4.1.4
//只查询所有的grains的key
[root@master ~]# salt "minion" grains.ls
minion:
- biosreleasedate
- biosversion
- cpu_flags
- cpu_model
- cpuarch
- cwd
- disks
- dns
- domain
- fqdn
- fqdn_ip4
- fqdn_ip6
- fqdns
- gid
- gpus
- groupname
- host
- hwaddr_interfaces
- id
- init
- ip4_gw
- ip4_interfaces
- ip6_gw
- ip6_interfaces
- ip_gw
- ip_interfaces
- ipv4
- ipv6
- kernel
- kernelparams
- kernelrelease
- kernelversion
- locale_info
- localhost
- lsb_distrib_codename
- lsb_distrib_id
- machine_id
- manufacturer
- master
- mdadm
- mem_total
- nodename
- num_cpus
- num_gpus
- os
- os_family
- osarch
- oscodename
- osfinger
- osfullname
- osmajorrelease
- osrelease
- osrelease_info
- path
- pid
- productname
- ps
- pythonexecutable
- pythonpath
- pythonversion
- saltpath
- saltversion
- saltversioninfo
- selinux
- serialnumber
- server_id
- shell
- ssds
- swap_total
- systemd
- systempath
- uid
- username
- uuid
- virtual
- zfs_feature_flags
- zfs_support
- zmqversion
//查询某个key的值,比如想获取ip地址
[root@master ~]# salt "minion" grains.get fqdn_ip4
minion:
- 192.168.201.139
[root@master ~]# salt "minion" grains.get ip4_interfaces
minion:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.201.139
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
[root@master ~]# salt "minion" grains.get ip4_interfaces:ens33
minion:
- 192.168.201.139
目标匹配实例:
用Grains来匹配minion:
//查看minion主机系统
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get os
minion:
CentOS
//在所有centos系统中执行命令
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'os:CentOS' cmd.run 'uptime'
minion:
10:04:34 up 1:04, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
在top file里面使用Grains:
[root@master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/web/apache/apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: httpd
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: True
[root@master ~]# cat /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
'os:CentOS':
- match: grain //所有centos系统执行
- web.apache.apache
自定义Grains的两种方法:
- minion配置文件,在配置文件中搜索grains
- 在/etc/salt下生成一个grains文件,在此文件中定义(推荐方式)
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
//取消注释并定义Grains
grains:
role:
- apache
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
[root@master ~]# salt -G 'os:CentOS' grains.get role
minion:
- apache
//不重启的情况下自定义Grains:
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/grains
test-grains: minion_apache
[root@master ~]# salt-cp '*' /etc/salt/grains /etc/salt/grains
[root@master ~]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains //刷新grains
minion:
[root@master ~]# salt '*' grains.get test-grains
minion:
minion_apache
SaltStack组件之Pillar
-
Pillar也是saltstack组件中非常重要的组件之一,称作数据管理中心,经常配合states在大规模的配置管理中使用。
-
Pillar是动态的,存储在master端,提供和给minion端
-
Pillar在SaltStack中主要的作用是存储和定义配置管理中需要的一些数据,比如软件版本号,用户账号密码等,保证敏感数据不被其他minion看到
-
存储格式与Grains类似,都是YAML格式
在Master配置文件中有一段Pillar settings选项专门定义Pillar相关的一些参数:
#pillar_roots:
# base:
# - /srv/pillar
默认Base环境下Pillar的工作目录在/srv/pillar目录下。若你想定义多个环境不同的Pillar工作目录,只需要修改此处配置文件即可。
Pillar的特点:
- 可以给指定的minion定义它需要的数据
- 只有指定的人才能看到定义的数据
- 在master配置文件里设置
//查看pillar的信息
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
minion:
----------
默认pillar是没有任何信息的,如果想查看信息,需要在 master 配置文件上把 pillar_opts的注释取消,并将其值设为 True。
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
......此处为省略内容
pillar_opts: True
......此处为省略内容
//重启master并查看pillar的信息
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
....此处省略N行
syndic_dir:
/var/cache/salt/master/syndics
syndic_event_forward_timeout:
0.5
syndic_jid_forward_cache_hwm:
100
syndic_master:
syndic_max_event_process_time:
0.5
syndic_wait:
5
timeout:
5
token_dir:
/var/cache/salt/master/tokens
token_expire:
43200
transport:
zeromq
user:
root
verify_env:
True
win_gitrepos:
- https://github.com/saltstack/salt-winrepo.git
win_repo:
/srv/salt/win/repo
win_repo_mastercachefile:
/srv/salt/win/repo/winrepo.p
worker_floscript:
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/salt/daemons/flo/worker.flo
worker_threads:
5
zmq_filtering:
False
pillar自定义数据:
在master的配置文件里找pillar_roots可以看到其存放pillar的位置
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
......此处为省略内容
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar/base
prod:
- /srv/pillar/prod
test:
- /srv/pillar/test
......此处为省略内容
//创建pillar存放目录
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/pillar/{base,prod,test}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/pillar/
/srv/pillar/
├── base
├── prod
└── test
3 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
//自定义pillar信息
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/pillar/base/apache.sls
{% if grains['os'] == 'CentOS' %}
apache: httpd
{% elif grains['os'] == 'Debian' %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}
//定义top file入口文件
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/pillar/base/top.sls
base: //指定环境
"minion": //指定目标
- apache //引用apache.sls或apache/init.sls
//这个top.sls文件的意思表示的是minion这台主机的base环境能够访问到apache这个pillar
[root@master ~]# salt '*' pillar.items
minion:
----------
apache:
httpd
//在salt下修改apache的状态文件,引用pillar的数据
[root@master ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache/apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}
- enable: True
//执行高级状态文件
[root@master ~]# salt "minion" state.highstate
minion:
----------
ID: apache-install
Function: pkg.installed
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: All specified packages are already installed
Started: 11:34:31.443069
Duration: 599.607 ms
Changes:
----------
ID: apache-service
Function: service.running
Name: httpd
Result: True
Comment: The service httpd is already running
Started: 11:34:32.043805
Duration: 24.122 ms
Changes:
Summary
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed: 0
------------
Total states run: 2
Grains与Pillar的区别
存储位置 | 类型 | 采集方式 | 应用场景 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grains | minion | 静态 | minion启动时采集 可通过刷新避免重启minion服务 | 1.信息查询 2.在命令行下进行目标匹配 3.在top file中进行目标匹配 4.在模板中进行目标匹配 |
Pillar | master | 动态 | 指定,实时生效 | 1.目标匹配 2.敏感数据配置 |