android log系统。
在android Java code中输出log
android系统有4种类型、6个优先级的log,有一些常量用于标识这些信息,相关的定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/util/Log.java中可以看到:
02 | * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.v. |
04 | public static final int VERBOSE = 2 ; |
07 | * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.d. |
09 | public static final int DEBUG = 3 ; |
12 | * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.i. |
14 | public static final int INFO = 4 ; |
17 | * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.w. |
19 | public static final int WARN = 5 ; |
22 | * Priority constant for the println method; use Log.e. |
24 | public static final int ERROR = 6 ; |
27 | * Priority constant for the println method. |
29 | public static final int ASSERT = 7 ; |
31 | /** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_MAIN = 0 ; |
32 | /** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_RADIO = 1 ; |
33 | /** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_EVENTS = 2 ; |
34 | /** @hide */ public static final int LOG_ID_SYSTEM = 3 ; |
Java层可以通过三个class来输出其中三种类型的log,三种类型分别为MAIN、RADIO和SYSTEM,三个class分别为Log、Rlog和Slog,其package则分别为android.util、android.telephony和 android.util。这些用于打印log的classes,其构造函数都为private,因而都不能创建其对象,但它们都提供了静态方法来给用户打印log。各个log打印class的实现都大同小异,可以看一下Log这个class中的一些:
01 | public static int v(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { |
02 | return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, VERBOSE, tag, msg + '\n' + getStackTraceString(tr)); |
06 | * Send a {@link #DEBUG} log message. |
07 | * @param tag Used to identify the source of a log message. It usually identifies |
08 | * the class or activity where the log call occurs. |
09 | * @param msg The message you would like logged. |
11 | public static int d(String tag, String msg) { |
12 | return println_native(LOG_ID_MAIN, DEBUG, tag, msg); |
最终都会是调用Log.println_native()静态native方法来打印log,各个类中各个方法的不同之处也仅在于参数的差异。
Log.println_native()方法
这个方法的code在/frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Log.cpp,为:
01 | static jint android_util_Log_println_native(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz, |
02 | jint bufID, jint priority, jstring tagObj, jstring msgObj) |
04 | const char * tag = NULL; |
05 | const char * msg = NULL; |
08 | jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "println needs a message" ); |
12 | if (bufID < 0 || bufID >= LOG_ID_MAX) { |
13 | jniThrowNullPointerException(env, "bad bufID" ); |
18 | tag = env->GetStringUTFChars(tagObj, NULL); |
19 | msg = env->GetStringUTFChars(msgObj, NULL); |
21 | int res = __android_log_buf_write(bufID, (android_LogPriority)priority, tag, msg); |
24 | env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(tagObj, tag); |
25 | env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(msgObj, msg); |
33 | static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = { |
34 | /* name, signature, funcPtr */ |
35 | { "isLoggable" , "(Ljava/lang/String;I)Z" , ( void *) android_util_Log_isLoggable }, |
36 | { "println_native" , "(IILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I" , ( void *) android_util_Log_println_native }, |
可以看到,干的都是转换参数的事情,最终再call到__android_log_buf_write()函数,这个函数的定义在system/core/liblog/logd_write.c,为:
01 | int __android_log_buf_write( int bufID, int prio, const char *tag, const char *msg) |
09 | /* XXX: This needs to go! */ |
10 | if ((bufID != LOG_ID_RADIO) && |
11 | (! strcmp (tag, "HTC_RIL" ) || |
12 | ! strncmp (tag, "RIL" , 3) || /* Any log tag with "RIL" as the prefix */ |
13 | ! strncmp (tag, "IMS" , 3) || /* Any log tag with "IMS" as the prefix */ |
15 | ! strcmp (tag, "GSM" ) || |
16 | ! strcmp (tag, "STK" ) || |
17 | ! strcmp (tag, "CDMA" ) || |
18 | ! strcmp (tag, "PHONE" ) || |
19 | ! strcmp (tag, "SMS" ))) { |
21 | // Inform third party apps/ril/radio.. to use Rlog or RLOG |
22 | snprintf(tmp_tag, sizeof (tmp_tag), "use-Rlog/RLOG-%s" , tag); |
26 | vec[0].iov_base = (unsigned char *) &prio; |
28 | vec[1].iov_base = ( void *) tag; |
29 | vec[1].iov_len = strlen (tag) + 1; |
30 | vec[2].iov_base = ( void *) msg; |
31 | vec[2].iov_len = strlen (msg) + 1; |
33 | return write_to_log(bufID, vec, 3); |
做了三件事情,一是根据log的tag,转换bufID,二是用传进来的参数构造一个struct iovec数组,三是将前一步构造的数组作为参数调用write_to_log()。write_to_log()是一个函数指针,在开始时,它指向了__write_to_log_init():
1 | static int (*write_to_log)(log_id_t, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr) = __write_to_log_init; |
__write_to_log_init()的实现如下:
01 | static int __write_to_log_init(log_id_t log_id, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr) |
04 | pthread_mutex_lock(&log_init_lock); |
07 | if (write_to_log == __write_to_log_init) { |
08 | log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] = log_open( "/dev/" LOGGER_LOG_MAIN, O_WRONLY); |
09 | log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] = log_open( "/dev/" LOGGER_LOG_RADIO, O_WRONLY); |
10 | log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] = log_open( "/dev/" LOGGER_LOG_EVENTS, O_WRONLY); |
11 | log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] = log_open( "/dev/" LOGGER_LOG_SYSTEM, O_WRONLY); |
13 | write_to_log = __write_to_log_kernel; |
15 | if (log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] < 0 || log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] < 0 || |
16 | log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] < 0) { |
17 | log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN]); |
18 | log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO]); |
19 | log_close(log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS]); |
20 | log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN] = -1; |
21 | log_fds[LOG_ID_RADIO] = -1; |
22 | log_fds[LOG_ID_EVENTS] = -1; |
23 | write_to_log = __write_to_log_null; |
26 | if (log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] < 0) { |
27 | log_fds[LOG_ID_SYSTEM] = log_fds[LOG_ID_MAIN]; |
32 | pthread_mutex_unlock(&log_init_lock); |
35 | return write_to_log(log_id, vec, nr); |
这个地方,会检查write_to_log是否指向了__write_to_log_init,也就是是否是第一次打印log,如果是,则打开几个用于输出log的设备文件,然后使write_to_log函数指针指向__write_to_log_kernel,或者在打开输出log设备文件出现异常时,使write_to_log指向__write_to_log_null,最后再次调用经过了重定向的write_to_log,也就是__write_to_log_kernel或者__write_to_log_null函数。我们可以看一下那几个设备文件究竟是什麽(在system/core/include/cutils/logger.h):
1 | #define LOGGER_LOG_MAIN "log/main" |
2 | #define LOGGER_LOG_RADIO "log/radio" |
3 | #define LOGGER_LOG_EVENTS "log/events" |
4 | #define LOGGER_LOG_SYSTEM "log/system" |
接着继续来看__write_to_log_kernel或者__write_to_log_null函数:
01 | static int __write_to_log_null(log_id_t log_fd, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr) |
06 | static int __write_to_log_kernel(log_id_t log_id, struct iovec *vec, size_t nr) |
11 | if ( /*(int)log_id >= 0 &&*/ ( int )log_id < ( int )LOG_ID_MAX) { |
12 | log_fd = log_fds[( int )log_id]; |
18 | ret = log_writev(log_fd, vec, nr); |
19 | } while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR); |
由log_id获取到对应的log_fd,然后调用log_writev()打印log。可以看一下log_writev()的定义,它是一个宏:
02 | // This will be defined when building for the host. |
03 | #define log_open(pathname, flags) fakeLogOpen(pathname, flags) |
04 | #define log_writev(filedes, vector, count) fakeLogWritev(filedes, vector, count) |
05 | #define log_close(filedes) fakeLogClose(filedes) |
07 | #define log_open(pathname, flags) open(pathname, (flags) | O_CLOEXEC) |
08 | #define log_writev(filedes, vector, count) writev(filedes, vector, count) |
09 | #define log_close(filedes) close(filedes) |
这些就都是标准的unix系统调用了。
本地层代码Log输出
以一些比较典型的native代码打印log的case为例。先来看一下,在JNI的code中打印log的方法。在JNI中,比较常见到用ALOGx这一组宏来打印log,比如在frameworks/base/core/jni/android/graphics/TextLayoutCache.cpp这个文件中的dumpCacheStats()函数:
01 | void TextLayoutCache::dumpCacheStats() { |
02 | float remainingPercent = 100 * ((mMaxSize - mSize) / (( float )mMaxSize)); |
03 | float timeRunningInSec = (systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC) - mCacheStartTime) / 1000000000; |
05 | size_t cacheSize = mCache.size(); |
07 | ALOGD( "------------------------------------------------" ); |
09 | ALOGD( "------------------------------------------------" ); |
10 | ALOGD( "pid : %d" , getpid()); |
11 | ALOGD( "running : %.0f seconds" , timeRunningInSec); |
12 | ALOGD( "entries : %d" , cacheSize); |
13 | ALOGD( "max size : %d bytes" , mMaxSize); |
14 | ALOGD( "used : %d bytes according to mSize" , mSize); |
15 | ALOGD( "remaining : %d bytes or %2.2f percent" , mMaxSize - mSize, remainingPercent); |
16 | ALOGD( "hits : %d" , mCacheHitCount); |
17 | ALOGD( "saved : %0.6f ms" , mNanosecondsSaved * 0.000001f); |
18 | ALOGD( "------------------------------------------------" ); |
使用这组宏,需要定义另外一个宏来作为所打印log的tag:
1 | #define LOG_TAG "TextLayoutCache" |
此外,还要include头文件<cutils/log.h>。来看一下这些宏中的一些的定义:
02 | * Simplified macro to send a debug log message using the current LOG_TAG. |
05 | #define ALOGD(...) ((void)ALOG(LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) |
09 | * Simplified macro to send a warning log message using the current LOG_TAG. |
12 | #define ALOGW(...) ((void)ALOG(LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) |
16 | * Basic log message macro. |
19 | * ALOG(LOG_WARN, NULL, "Failed with error %d", errno); |
21 | * The second argument may be NULL or "" to indicate the "global" tag. |
24 | #define ALOG(priority, tag, ...) \ |
25 | LOG_PRI(ANDROID_##priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__) |
29 | * Log macro that allows you to specify a number for the priority. |
32 | #define LOG_PRI(priority, tag, ...) \ |
33 | android_printLog(priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__) |
36 | #define android_printLog(prio, tag, fmt...) \ |
37 | __android_log_print(prio, tag, fmt) |
先来看一下,在native层中定义的priority(在system/core/include/android/log.h中):
02 | * Android log priority values, in ascending priority order. |
04 | typedef enum android_LogPriority { |
05 | ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN = 0, |
06 | ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT, /* only for SetMinPriority() */ |
13 | ANDROID_LOG_SILENT, /* only for SetMinPriority(); must be last */ |
另外,这些宏最终都会call到__android_log_print(),也是在system/core/liblog/logd_write.c中:
01 | int __android_log_print( int prio, const char *tag, const char *fmt, ...) |
04 | char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE]; |
07 | vsnprintf(buf, LOG_BUF_SIZE, fmt, ap); |
10 | return __android_log_write(prio, tag, buf); |
先是格式化参数,然后就是调用__android_log_write()函数。这个函数的code如下:
01 | int __android_log_write( int prio, const char *tag, const char *msg) |
04 | log_id_t log_id = LOG_ID_MAIN; |
10 | /* XXX: This needs to go! */ |
11 | if (! strcmp (tag, "HTC_RIL" ) || |
12 | ! strncmp (tag, "RIL" , 3) || /* Any log tag with "RIL" as the prefix */ |
13 | ! strncmp (tag, "IMS" , 3) || /* Any log tag with "IMS" as the prefix */ |
15 | ! strcmp (tag, "GSM" ) || |
16 | ! strcmp (tag, "STK" ) || |
17 | ! strcmp (tag, "CDMA" ) || |
18 | ! strcmp (tag, "PHONE" ) || |
19 | ! strcmp (tag, "SMS" )) { |
20 | log_id = LOG_ID_RADIO; |
21 | // Inform third party apps/ril/radio.. to use Rlog or RLOG |
22 | snprintf(tmp_tag, sizeof (tmp_tag), "use-Rlog/RLOG-%s" , tag); |
26 | vec[0].iov_base = (unsigned char *) &prio; |
28 | vec[1].iov_base = ( void *) tag; |
29 | vec[1].iov_len = strlen (tag) + 1; |
30 | vec[2].iov_base = ( void *) msg; |
31 | vec[2].iov_len = strlen (msg) + 1; |
33 | return write_to_log(log_id, vec, 3); |
这个函数与我们前面看到的__android_log_buf_write()非常相似。所不同的就是这个函数没有log_id参数,因而它默认是输出MAIN log,当log的TAG为某些特殊字串时,则输出RADIO log。最后同样是调用write_to_log这个函数指针来输出log。
我们再来看一个skia里面打log的SkDebugf()函数的实现:
1 | #include <android/log.h> |
3 | void SkDebugf( const char format[], ...) { |
5 | va_start (args, format); |
6 | __android_log_vprint(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, format, args); |
call到了__android_log_vprint()来输出log,__android_log_vprint()的定义也在system/core/liblog/logd_write.c中:
1 | int __android_log_vprint( int prio, const char *tag, const char *fmt, va_list ap) |
3 | char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE]; |
5 | vsnprintf(buf, LOG_BUF_SIZE, fmt, ap); |
7 | return __android_log_write(prio, tag, buf); |
一样是__android_log_write()函数。
Done.