获取接口所有实现类的三种方式：Spring的ListableBeanFactory容器的getBeanNamesForType方法、利用Reflections工具进行反射扫描、使用SPI

前言

在策略模式应用中，需要获取到策略接口的所有实现类，本文记录三种获取某接口所有实现类的方法，分别是利用Spring的ListableBeanFactory容器的getBeanNamesForType方法，利用Reflections工具进行反射扫描、利用SPI方式。

Spring的ListableBeanFactory容器的getBeanNamesForType方法

如果所有实现类已被Spring托管，因此可以通过容器getBeanNamesForType方法获取接口的所有实现类。
如果实现类同时实现了FactoryBean接口的话，getBeanNamesForType从容器中拿到的实现类为FactoryBean自身，beanName带"&"前缀，而不是其getObject方法所代理的类。
获取到ListableBeanFactory容器，有如下方法：

• 实现BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口
• 实现ApplicationContextAware接口

	/**
	 * Return the names of beans matching the given type (including subclasses),
	 * judging from either bean definitions or the value of {@code getObjectType}
	 * in the case of FactoryBeans.
	 * <p><b>NOTE: This method introspects top-level beans only.</b> It does <i>not</i>
	 * check nested beans which might match the specified type as well.
	 * <p>Does consider objects created by FactoryBeans if the "allowEagerInit" flag is set,
	 * which means that FactoryBeans will get initialized. If the object created by the
	 * FactoryBean doesn't match, the raw FactoryBean itself will be matched against the
	 * type. If "allowEagerInit" is not set, only raw FactoryBeans will be checked
	 * (which doesn't require initialization of each FactoryBean).
	 * <p>Does not consider any hierarchy this factory may participate in.
	 * Use BeanFactoryUtils' {@code beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors}
	 * to include beans in ancestor factories too.
	 * <p>Note: Does <i>not</i> ignore singleton beans that have been registered
	 * by other means than bean definitions.
	 * <p>Bean names returned by this method should always return bean names <i>in the
	 * order of definition</i> in the backend configuration, as far as possible.
	 * @param type the class or interface to match, or {@code null} for all bean names
	 * @param includeNonSingletons whether to include prototype or scoped beans too
	 * or just singletons (also applies to FactoryBeans)
	 * @param allowEagerInit whether to initialize <i>lazy-init singletons</i> and
	 * <i>objects created by FactoryBeans</i> (or by factory methods with a
	 * "factory-bean" reference) for the type check. Note that FactoryBeans need to be
	 * eagerly initialized to determine their type: So be aware that passing in "true"
	 * for this flag will initialize FactoryBeans and "factory-bean" references.
	 * @return the names of beans (or objects created by FactoryBeans) matching
	 * the given object type (including subclasses), or an empty array if none
	 * @see FactoryBean#getObjectType
	 * @see BeanFactoryUtils#beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(ListableBeanFactory, Class, boolean, boolean)
	 */
	String[] getBeanNamesForType(Class<?> type, boolean includeNonSingletons, boolean allowEagerInit);

利用Reflections工具进行反射扫描

如果实现类都在相同包路径下，不想通过依赖Spring获取接口所有实现类，可以使用反射的方式扫描具体包路径获取所有实现类。

代码示例

maven依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.reflections</groupId>
            <artifactId>reflections</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.11</version>
        </dependency>

代码示例

    /**
     * 通过反射扫描包路径的方式实现策略实现类的注册
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void register() throws Exception {
        Reflections reflections = new Reflections(BuildLogsStrategy.class.getPackage().getName());
        Set<Class<? extends BuildLogsStrategy>> classes = reflections.getSubTypesOf(BuildLogsStrategy.class);

        for (Class clazz : classes) {
            BuildLogsStrategy strategy = (BuildLogsStrategy) clazz.newInstance();
            String methodOrClassName = strategy.getMethodOrClassName();
            STRATEGY_MAPS.put(methodOrClassName, strategy);
        }
    }

使用SPI获取接口所有实现类

以Motan的负载均衡算法实现类为例

按照SPI的使用方式，有两步操作：
1.在META-INF/Services路径下创建一个以接口全称为名的文件
2.文件内容为接口的所有实现类的全限定类名

代码示例

    @Test
    public void loadBalanceTest() {
        ExtensionLoader<LoadBalance> loader = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class);
        for (LoadBalance extension : loader.getExtensions(null)) {
            System.out.println(extension.getClass().getName());
        }
    }

测试代码运行结果：

其他方式

获取所有接口实现类，是按照某种分类规则对类进行分类需求的特例，通用的对类进行分组分类的方式，可以使用自定义注解+注解扫描器的方式，不需要实现相同的接口，不需要在同一个包路径下。