boorstrap是什么?
Bootstrap是一个做网页的框架(目前最流行的WEB前端框架之一),就是说你只需要写HTML标签调用它的类你就可以很快速的做一个高大上的网页,你不用担心兼容问题,提供了很多样式供你选择!
简单点说就是使用现成的CSS和JS。
bootstrap需要引用才能使用。
下载解压完如下。
将这三个文件复制到你的前端项目文件中即可。
如图
写HTML代码的时候,在HTML里面需要引用。
如图
下面开始正式使用
(PS:很多代码细节和理解我写在代码注释里了,文章中我就不写了)
十二栅格
理解:
Bootstrap 包含了一个响应式的、移动设备优先的、不固定的网格系统,可以随着设备或视口大小的增加而适当地扩展到 12 列。它包含了用于简单的布局选项的预定义类,也包含了用于生成更多语义布局的功能强大的混合类。
以上称之为栅格系统,通俗来讲就是把一个页面平分为十二等份所以又叫十二栅格系统。
演示:
拖拽边框时能看出来,想发视频但不好发,就没发。
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <!--导入css-boots-->
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script> <!--导入js-jquery-->
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <!--导入js-bootstrap-->
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <!--浏览器小图标-->
<title>十二栅格</title>
</head>
<style type="text/css">
.title {
text-align: center;
}
div{
border:1px solid red;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
window.onresize=function(){ // 当窗口大小发生变化时执行此方法
$("#pw1").text("windows窗口的宽度为:"+$("#b1").width()) // 浏览器当前页面的可视宽度
$(document).width(); // 浏览器当前文档对象的宽度
$(document.body).width(); // 浏览器当前窗口文档body的宽度
/*以上三种方式输出宽度结果都一样*/
}
})
</script>
<!--十二栅格原理-->
<body id="b1">
<p id="pw1"></p>
<!--默认container有留白-->
<p>1、默认十二栅格</p>
<div class="container"> <!--bootstrap的类:container-->
<div class="row"> <!--bootstrap的类:row-->
<div class="col-md-2">A1</div> <!--bootstrap的类:col-md-2-->
<div class="col-md-2">A2</div>
<div class="col-md-2">A3</div>
<div class="col-md-2">A4</div>
<div class="col-md-2">A5</div>
<div class="col-md-2">A6</div>
<div class="col-md-1">A7</div>
<div class="col-md-1">A8</div>
<div class="col-md-1">A9</div>
<div class="col-md-1">A10</div>
<div class="col-md-1">A11</div>
<div class="col-md-1">A12</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<!--container-fluid:与屏幕等宽-->
<p>2、container-fluid:与屏幕等宽</p>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6">占6格</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6">占6格</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<!--栅格移动-->
<p>3、栅格移动</p>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<!--col-md-offset-偏移格数(向右)-->
<div class="col-md-1 col-md-offset-2">占1格</div>
<div class="col-md-2 col-md-offset-4">占2格</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<!--push向右-->
<div class="col-md-1 col-md-push-3">占1格</div>
<!--pull向左-->
<div class="col-md-2 col-md-pull-1">占2格</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<!--栅格嵌套-->
<p>4、栅格嵌套</p>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-10">
<div class="row">
<div>
<div class="col-md-4">内占4格</div>
<div class="col-md-4">内占4格</div>
<div class="col-md-4">内占4格</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">外占2格</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
表格
理解:就说表格,但是用了boorstrap会更好看更方便。
演示:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <!--浏览器小图标-->
<title>表格</title>
</head>
<style>
.title {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<body id="b1">
<!--表格样式-->
<!--1.条纹状的表格-->
<p>1、条纹状的表格</p>
<div class="container">
<table class="table table-striped">
<tr>
<th>编号</th><th>名称</th><th>创建人</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>01</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张三</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>02</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张四</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>03</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张五</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<hr>
<!--2.带边框的表格-->
<p>2、带边框的表格</p>
<div class="container">
<table class="table table-bordered">
<tr>
<th>编号</th><th>名称</th><th>创建人</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>01</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张三</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>02</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张四</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>03</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张五</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<hr>
<!--3.鼠标指向变色的表格-->
<p>3、鼠标指向变色的表格</p>
<div class="container">
<table class="table table-hover">
<tr>
<th>编号</th><th>名称</th><th>创建人</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>01</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张三</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>02</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张四</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>03</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张五</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<hr>
<!--4.紧缩式的表格-->
<p>4、紧缩式的表格</p>
<div class="container">
<table class="table table-condensed">
<tr>
<th>编号</th><th>名称</th><th>创建人</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>01</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张三</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>02</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张四</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>03</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张五</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<hr>
<!--5.响应式的表格-->
<p>5、响应式的表格</p>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-12">
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-hover">
<tr>
<th>编号</th><th>名称</th><th>创建人</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>01</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张三</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>02</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张四</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>03</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张五</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<!--6.彩色的表格-->
<p>6、彩色的表格</p>
<div class="container">
<table class="table table-bordered">
<tr class="info">
<th>编号</th><th>名称</th><th>创建人</th>
</tr>
<tr class="warning">
<td>01</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张三</td>
</tr>
<tr class="success">
<td>02</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张四</td>
</tr>
<tr class="danger">
<td>03</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张五</td>
</tr>
<tr class="active">
<td>04</td><td>西瓜</td><td>张六</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
表单
理解:就是html里的input输入框组成的。
演示:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"><!--浏览器小图标-->
<title>表单</title>
</head>
<style>
.title {
text-align: center;
}
legend {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<body>
<!--表单-->
<div class="container">
<form action="#" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>登录</legend>
<div class="form-group">
<label>用户名:</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入用户名" />
</div>
<div class="form-group has-feedback">
<label>密 码-小星号:</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" />
<span class="glyphicon-asterisk form-control-feedback"></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group has-feedback">
<label>密 码-大星号:</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" />
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-asterisk form-control-feedback"></span>
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label><input type="checkbox">记住密码</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" />
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button>
</fieldset>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
按钮
理解:就是按钮。注意不同的样式的使用。
演示1:
代码1:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <!--浏览器小图标-->
<title>按钮</title>
</head>
<style>
.title {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<body>
<!--按钮样式-->
<div class="container">
<p>1、朴素按钮</p>
<button class="btn-default">按钮</button>
<button class="btn-primary">按钮</button>
<button class="btn-success">按钮</button>
<button class="btn-info">按钮</button>
<button class="btn-warning">按钮</button>
<button class="btn-danger">按钮</button>
<button class="btn-link">按钮</button>
<hr>
<p>2、普通按钮</p>
<button class="btn btn-default">默认按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-success">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-info">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-warning">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-danger">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-link">按钮</button>
<hr>
<p>3、特殊按钮</p>
<button class="btn btn-default btn-lg">默认按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-success btn-xs">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-info btn-block">按钮</button>
<hr>
<p>4、按钮组</p>
<div class="btn-group">
<button class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-success btn-sm">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-info btn-xs">按钮</button>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
演示2:
代码2:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <!--浏览器小图标-->
<title></title>
</head>
<style>
.title {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<body>
<!--按钮样式-->
<div class="container">
<div class="btn-toolbar">
<p>5、响应式按钮组</p>
<div class="btn-group">
<button class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-success">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-info">按钮</button>
</div>
<div class="btn-group btn-group-vertical"> <!--竖着排-->
<button class="btn btn-primary">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-success">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-info">按钮</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
图片
理解:图片,注意图片的引用地址吧,很容易找不到图片路径。
演示:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <!--浏览器小图标-->
<title>图片</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--图片样式-->
<div class="container">
<p>1、class="img-circle"</p>
<img src="../img/3.jpg" width="100" height="100" class="img-circle"/>
<hr>
<p>2、class="img-rounded"</p>
<img src="../img/3.jpg" width="100" height="100" class="img-rounded"/><br>
<hr>
<p>3、class="img-thumbnail"</p>
<img src="../img/3.jpg" width="100" height="100" class="img-thumbnail"/><br>
<hr>
<p>4、class="img-responsive"</p>
<img src="../img/3.jpg" width="100" height="100" />
<img src="../img/3.jpg" width="100" height="100" />
<img src="../img/3.jpg" width="100" height="100" class="img-responsive"/>
</div>
</body>
</html>
导航
理解:boorstrap的导航很不错,自己单独写的话会很麻烦。
演示:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <!--浏览器小图标-->
<title>导航栏</title>
</head>
<style>
.title {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<style>
img{
height: 300px;
width: 300px;
}
</style>
<body>
<!--导航栏-->
<h1>一、导航栏</h1>
<hr>
<h3>导航栏1</h3>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a href="#" class="navbar-brand">导航</a>
</div>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">首页</a></li>
<li><a href="#">军事</a></li>
<li><a href="#">文学</a></li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control">
</div>
<button type="button">搜索</button>
</form>
</nav>
<br>
<h3>导航栏2</h3>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-responsive-collapse">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigtion</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a href="#" class="navbar-brand">导航</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-responsive-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">首页</a></li>
<li><a href="#">军事</a></li>
<li><a href="#">文学</a></li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control">
</div>
<button type="button">搜索</button>
</form>
</div>
</nav>
<br>
<!--导航-->
<h1>二、导航</h1>
<hr>
<div class="container">
<!--纵向堆叠式导航-->
<h3>1、纵向堆叠式导航</h3>
<hr>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li class="active"><a href="#">首页</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="#">娱乐</a></li>
<li><a href="#">军事</a></li>
<li><a href="#">文学</a></li>
</ul>
<br>
<!--胶囊式导航-->
<h3>2、胶囊式导航</h3>
<hr>
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="active"><a href="#">首页</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="#">娱乐</a></li>
<li><a href="#">军事</a></li>
<li><a href="#">文学</a></li>
</ul>
<br>
<!--竖着导航-->
<h3>3、竖着导航</h3>
<hr>
<ul class="nav nav-stacked">
<li class="active"><a href="#">首页</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="#">娱乐</a></li>
<li><a href="#">军事</a></li>
<li><a href="#">文学</a></li>
</ul>
<br>
<!--二级导航-->
<h3>4、二级导航</h3>
<hr>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li class="active"><a href="#">首页</a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">娱乐</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">子菜单1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">子菜单2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">子菜单3</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#">军事</a></li>
<li><a href="#">文学</a></li>
</ul>
<br>
<!--自适应导航-->
<h3>5、自适应导航</h3>
<hr>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs nav-justified">
<li class="active"><a href="#">首页</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="#">娱乐</a></li>
<li><a href="#">军事</a></li>
<li><a href="#">文学</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
进度条
理解:用处不大。
演示:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <!--浏览器小图标-->
<title></title>
</head>
<style>
.title {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<body>
<!--进度条-->
<div class="container">
<div class="progress">
<div id="pr1" class="progress-bar" style="width: 60%;">1-normal</div>
</div>
<!--条纹进度条-->
<div class="progress progress-striped">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-danger" style="width: 60%;">2-danger-striped</div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-success" style="width: 60%;">3-success</div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-warning" style="width: 60%;">4-warning</div>
</div>
<div class="progress">空白</div>
<button onclick="a()">减少</button>
<button onclick="b()">增加</button>
<button onclick="c()">复原</button>
</div>
<hr>
<!--堆叠式进度条-->
<div class="container">
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar" style="width: 21%;">1-normal</div>
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-danger" style="width: 23%;">2-danger</div>
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-success" style="width: 25%;">4-success</div>
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-warning" style="width: 31%;">5-warning</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
function a(){
$("#pr1").attr("style","width: 10%;");
}
function b(){
$("#pr1").attr("style","width: 80%;");
}
function c(){
$("#pr1").attr("style","width: 60%;");
}
</script>
</html>
轮播图
理解:很重要很重要很重要。实际用的时候,直接复制就行,自己打也是很麻烦。
演示:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="../img/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon"> <!--浏览器小图标-->
<title>轮播图</title>
</head>
<style>
.title {
text-align: center;
}
img{
width: 5000px;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="container" text-align="center">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-2">
<div data-ride="carousel" data-interval="1000" id="carousel_container" class="carousel slide">
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="item"><img src="../img/3.jpg" style="object-fit: fill;"/></div>
<div class="item"><img src="../img/4.jpg" style="object-fit: fill;"/></div>
<div class="item active"><img src="../img/5.jpg" style="object-fit: fill;"/></div>
</div>
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-slide-to="0" data-target="#carousel_container"></li>
<li data-slide-to="1" data-target="#carousel_container"></li>
<li data-slide-to="2" data-target="#carousel_container"></li>
</ol>
<a href="#carousel_container" data-slide="prev" class="left carousel-control">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span>
</a>
<a href="#carousel_container" data-slide="next" class="right carousel-control">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-10"></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>