Hadoop YARN同时支持内存和CPU两种资源的调度,本文介绍如何配置YARN对内存和CPU的使用。
YARN作为一个资源调度器,应该考虑到集群里面每一台机子的计算资源,然后根据application申请的资源进行分配Container。Container是YARN里面资源分配的基本单位,具有一定的内存以及CPU资源。
在YARN集群中,平衡内存、CPU、磁盘的资源的很重要的,根据经验,每两个container使用一块磁盘以及一个CPU核的时候可以使集群的资源得到一个比较好的利用。
内存配置
关于内存相关的配置可以参考hortonwork公司的文档Determine HDP Memory Configuration Settings来配置你的集群。
YARN以及MAPREDUCE所有可用的内存资源应该要除去系统运行需要的以及其他的hadoop的一些程序,总共保留的内存=系统内存+HBASE内存。
可以参考下面的表格确定应该保留的内存:
每台机子内存 | 系统需要的内存 | HBase需要的内存 |
---|---|---|
4GB | 1GB | 1GB |
8GB | 2GB | 1GB |
16GB | 2GB | 2GB |
24GB | 4GB | 4GB |
48GB | 6GB | 8GB |
64GB | 8GB | 8GB |
72GB | 8GB | 8GB |
96GB | 12GB | 16GB |
128GB | 24GB | 24GB |
255GB | 32GB | 32GB |
512GB | 64GB | 64GB |
计算每台机子最多可以拥有多少个container,可以使用下面的公式:
containers = min (2*CORES, 1.8*DISKS, (Total available RAM) / MIN_CONTAINER_SIZE)
说明:
CORES
为机器CPU核数DISKS
为机器上挂载的磁盘个数Total available RAM
为机器总内存MIN_CONTAINER_SIZE
是指container最小的容量大小,这需要根据具体情况去设置,可以参考下面的表格:
每台机子可用的RAM | container最小值 |
---|---|
小于4GB | 256MB |
4GB到8GB之间 | 512MB |
8GB到24GB之间 | 1024MB |
大于24GB | 2048MB |
每个container的平均使用内存大小计算方式为:
RAM-per-container = max(MIN_CONTAINER_SIZE, (Total Available RAM) / containers))
通过上面的计算,YARN以及MAPREDUCE可以这样配置:
配置文件 | 配置设置 | 默认值 | 计算值 |
---|---|---|---|
yarn-site.xml | yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb | 8192 MB | = containers * RAM-per-container |
yarn-site.xml | yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb | 1024MB | = RAM-per-container |
yarn-site.xml | yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb | 8192 MB | = containers * RAM-per-container |
yarn-site.xml (check) | yarn.app.mapreduce.am.resource.mb | 1536 MB | = 2 * RAM-per-container |
yarn-site.xml (check) | yarn.app.mapreduce.am.command-opts | -Xmx1024m | = 0.8 * 2 * RAM-per-container |
mapred-site.xml | mapreduce.map.memory.mb | 1024 MB | = RAM-per-container |
mapred-site.xml | mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb | 1024 MB | = 2 * RAM-per-container |
mapred-site.xml | mapreduce.map.java.opts | = 0.8 * RAM-per-container | |
mapred-site.xml | mapreduce.reduce.java.opts | = 0.8 * 2 * RAM-per-container |
举个例子:对于128G内存、32核CPU的机器,挂载了7个磁盘,根据上面的说明,系统保留内存为24G,不适应HBase情况下,系统剩余可用内存为104G,计算containers值如下:
containers = min (2*32, 1.8* 7 , (128-24)/2) = min (64, 12.6 , 51) = 13
计算RAM-per-container值如下:
RAM-per-container = max (2, (124-24)/13) = max (2, 8) = 8
你也可以使用脚本yarn-utils.py来计算上面的值:
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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import optparse
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from pprint import pprint
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import logging
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import sys
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import math
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import ast
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''' Reserved for OS + DN + NM, Map: Memory => Reservation '''
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reservedStack = { 4 : 1 , 8 : 2 , 16 : 2 , 24 : 4 , 48 : 6 , 64 : 8 , 72 : 8 , 96 : 12 ,
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128 : 24 , 256 : 32 , 512 : 64 }
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''' Reserved for HBase. Map: Memory => Reservation '''
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reservedHBase = { 4 : 1 , 8 : 1 , 16 : 2 , 24 : 4 , 48 : 8 , 64 : 8 , 72 : 8 , 96 : 16 ,
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128 : 24 , 256 : 32 , 512 : 64 }
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GB = 1024
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def getMinContainerSize ( memory ):
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if ( memory <= 4 ):
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return 256
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elif ( memory <= 8 ):
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return 512
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elif ( memory <= 24 ):
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return 1024
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else :
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return 2048
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pass
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def getReservedStackMemory ( memory ):
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if ( reservedStack . has_key ( memory )):
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return reservedStack [ memory ]
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if ( memory <= 4 ):
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ret = 1
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elif ( memory >= 512 ):
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ret = 64
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else :
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ret = 1
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return ret
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def getReservedHBaseMem ( memory ):
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if ( reservedHBase . has_key ( memory )):
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return reservedHBase [ memory ]
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if ( memory <= 4 ):
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ret = 1
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elif ( memory >= 512 ):
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ret = 64
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else :
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ret = 2
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return ret
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def main ():
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log = logging . getLogger ( __name__ )
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out_hdlr = logging . StreamHandler ( sys . stdout )
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out_hdlr . setFormatter ( logging . Formatter ( ' %(message) s' ))
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out_hdlr . setLevel ( logging . INFO )
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log . addHandler ( out_hdlr )
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log . setLevel ( logging . INFO )
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parser = optparse . OptionParser ()
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memory = 0
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cores = 0
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disks = 0
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hbaseEnabled = True
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parser . add_option ( '-c' , '--cores' , default = 16 ,
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help = 'Number of cores on each host' )
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parser . add_option ( '-m' , '--memory' , default = 64 ,
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help = 'Amount of Memory on each host in GB' )
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parser . add_option ( '-d' , '--disks' , default = 4 ,
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help = 'Number of disks on each host' )
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parser . add_option ( '-k' , '--hbase' , default = "True" ,
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help = 'True if HBase is installed, False is not' )
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( options , args ) = parser . parse_args ()
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cores = int ( options . cores )
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memory = int ( options . memory )
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disks = int ( options . disks )
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hbaseEnabled = ast . literal_eval ( options . hbase )
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log . info ( "Using cores=" + str ( cores ) + " memory=" + str ( memory ) + "GB" +
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" disks=" + str ( disks ) + " hbase=" + str ( hbaseEnabled ))
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minContainerSize = getMinContainerSize ( memory )
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reservedStackMemory = getReservedStackMemory ( memory )
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reservedHBaseMemory = 0
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if ( hbaseEnabled ):
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reservedHBaseMemory = getReservedHBaseMem ( memory )
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reservedMem = reservedStackMemory + reservedHBaseMemory
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usableMem = memory - reservedMem
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memory -= ( reservedMem )
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if ( memory < 2 ):
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memory = 2
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reservedMem = max ( 0 , memory - reservedMem )
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memory *= GB
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containers = int ( min ( 2 * cores ,
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min ( math . ceil ( 1.8 * float ( disks )),
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memory / minContainerSize )))
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if ( containers <= 2 ):
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containers = 3
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log . info ( "Profile: cores=" + str ( cores ) + " memory=" + str ( memory ) + "MB"
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+ " reserved=" + str ( reservedMem ) + "GB" + " usableMem="
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+ str ( usableMem ) + "GB" + " disks=" + str ( disks ))
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container_ram = abs ( memory / containers )
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if ( container_ram > GB ):
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container_ram = int ( math . floor ( container_ram / 512 )) * 512
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log . info ( "Num Container=" + str ( containers ))
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log . info ( "Container Ram=" + str ( container_ram ) + "MB" )
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log . info ( "Used Ram=" + str ( int ( containers * container_ram / float ( GB ))) + "GB" )
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log . info ( "Unused Ram=" + str ( reservedMem ) + "GB" )
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log . info ( "yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb=" + str ( container_ram ))
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log . info ( "yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb=" + str ( containers * container_ram ))
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log . info ( "yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb=" + str ( containers * container_ram ))
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map_memory = container_ram
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reduce_memory = 2 * container_ram if ( container_ram <= 2048 ) else container_ram
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am_memory = max ( map_memory , reduce_memory )
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log . info ( "mapreduce.map.memory.mb=" + str ( map_memory ))
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log . info ( "mapreduce.map.java.opts=-Xmx" + str ( int ( 0.8 * map_memory )) + "m" )
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log . info ( "mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb=" + str ( reduce_memory ))
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log . info ( "mapreduce.reduce.java.opts=-Xmx" + str ( int ( 0.8 * reduce_memory )) + "m" )
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log . info ( "yarn.app.mapreduce.am.resource.mb=" + str ( am_memory ))
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log . info ( "yarn.app.mapreduce.am.command-opts=-Xmx" + str ( int ( 0.8 * am_memory )) + "m" )
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log . info ( "mapreduce.task.io.sort.mb=" + str ( int ( 0.4 * map_memory )))
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pass
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if __name__ == '__main__' :
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try :
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main ()
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except ( KeyboardInterrupt , EOFError ):
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print ( " \n Aborting ... Keyboard Interrupt." )
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sys . exit ( 1 )
执行下面命令:
python yarn-utils.py -c 32 -m 128 -d 7 -k False
返回结果如下:
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Using cores = 32 memory=128GB disks=7 hbase=False
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Profile : cores=32 memory=106496MB reserved=24GB usableMem=104GB disks=7
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Num Container = 13
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Container Ram = 8192MB
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Used Ram = 104GB
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Unused Ram = 24GB
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yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation- mb = 8192
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yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation- mb = 106496
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yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory- mb = 106496
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mapreduce.map.memory.mb = 8192
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mapreduce.map.java.opts = -Xmx6553m
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mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb = 8192
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mapreduce.reduce.java.opts = -Xmx6553m
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yarn.app.mapreduce.am.resource.mb = 8192
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yarn.app.mapreduce.am.command- opts = -Xmx6553m
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mapreduce.task.io.sort.mb = 3276
这样的话,每个container内存为8G,似乎有点多,我更愿意根据集群使用情况任务将其调整为2G内存,则集群中下面的参数配置值如下:
配置文件 | 配置设置 | 计算值 |
---|---|---|
yarn-site.xml | yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb | = 52 * 2 =104 G |
yarn-site.xml | yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb | = 2G |
yarn-site.xml | yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb | = 52 * 2 = 104G |
yarn-site.xml (check) | yarn.app.mapreduce.am.resource.mb | = 2 * 2=4G |
yarn-site.xml (check) | yarn.app.mapreduce.am.command-opts | = 0.8 * 2 * 2=3.2G |
mapred-site.xml | mapreduce.map.memory.mb | = 2G |
mapred-site.xml | mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb | = 2 * 2=4G |
mapred-site.xml | mapreduce.map.java.opts | = 0.8 * 2=1.6G |
mapred-site.xml | mapreduce.reduce.java.opts | = 0.8 * 2 * 2=3.2G |
对应的xml配置为:
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<property>
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<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb </name>
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<value>106496 </value>
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</property>
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<property>
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<name>yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb </name>
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<value>2048 </value>
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</property>
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<property>
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<name>yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb </name>
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<value>106496 </value>
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</property>
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<property>
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<name>yarn.app.mapreduce.am.resource.mb </name>
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<value>4096 </value>
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</property>
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<property>
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<name>yarn.app.mapreduce.am.command-opts </name>
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<value>-Xmx3276m </value>
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</property>
另外,还有一下几个参数:
yarn.nodemanager.vmem-pmem-ratio
:任务每使用1MB物理内存,最多可使用虚拟内存量,默认是2.1。yarn.nodemanager.pmem-check-enabled
:是否启动一个线程检查每个任务正使用的物理内存量,如果任务超出分配值,则直接将其杀掉,默认是true。yarn.nodemanager.vmem-pmem-ratio
:是否启动一个线程检查每个任务正使用的虚拟内存量,如果任务超出分配值,则直接将其杀掉,默认是true。
第一个参数的意思是当一个map任务总共分配的物理内存为2G的时候,该任务的container最多内分配的堆内存为1.6G,可以分配的虚拟内存上限为2*2.1=4.2G。另外,照这样算下去,每个节点上YARN可以启动的Map数为104/2=52个。
CPU配置
YARN中目前的CPU被划分成虚拟CPU(CPU virtual Core),这里的虚拟CPU是YARN自己引入的概念,初衷是,考虑到不同节点的CPU性能可能不同,每个CPU具有的计算能力也是不一样的,比如某个物理CPU的计算能力可能是另外一个物理CPU的2倍,这时候,你可以通过为第一个物理CPU多配置几个虚拟CPU弥补这种差异。用户提交作业时,可以指定每个任务需要的虚拟CPU个数。
在YARN中,CPU相关配置参数如下:
yarn.nodemanager.resource.cpu-vcores
:表示该节点上YARN可使用的虚拟CPU个数,默认是8,注意,目前推荐将该值设值为与物理CPU核数数目相同。如果你的节点CPU核数不够8个,则需要调减小这个值,而YARN不会智能的探测节点的物理CPU总数。yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-vcores
:单个任务可申请的最小虚拟CPU个数,默认是1,如果一个任务申请的CPU个数少于该数,则该对应的值改为这个数。yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-vcores
:单个任务可申请的最多虚拟CPU个数,默认是32。
对于一个CPU核数较多的集群来说,上面的默认配置显然是不合适的,在我的测试集群中,4个节点每个机器CPU核数为31,留一个给操作系统,可以配置为:
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<property>
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<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.cpu-vcores </name>
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<value>31 </value>
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</property>
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<property>
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<name>yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-vcores </name>
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<value>124 </value>
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</property>