What
Android Native Development Kit
why
我们使用NDK很多情况是因为我们对以前c/c++代码的移植,或者对一些第三方开源native code的利用。
How
1.构建开发环境。
1.0 构建Android 开发环境,这个我们稍后会讲到.
1.1 android的NDK开发一般是基于linux 开发。这里我们基于window做,需要一个 叫做CYGWIN的环境。它是可以在windows平台上运行的unix模拟环境。cygwin 镜像站: http://cygwin.com. 建议从日本server 安装,速度好像快一点,可能是个人网络原因。配置cygwin的 "C:\cygwin\home\/%youName%/\.bash_profile"下面android NDK 路径。
1.2.下载 android ndk 的开发包。我当前用到的是 android-ndk-r7
2. 用一个例子说明如何使用。
2.0. 构建java 工程,放在NDK 下面APP文件下。这里我们借用ndk smaple下面一个例子。code如下。
/*
* Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.example.hellojni;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class HelloTest extends Activity
{
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
/* Create a TextView and set its content.
* the text is retrieved by calling a native
* function.
*/
TextView tv = new TextView(this);
tv.setText( stringFromJNI() );
setContentView(tv);
}
/* A native method that is implemented by the
* 'hello-jni' native library, which is packaged
* with this application.
*/
public native String stringFromJNI();
/* This is another native method declaration that is *not*
* implemented by 'hello-jni'. This is simply to show that
* you can declare as many native methods in your Java code
* as you want, their implementation is searched in the
* currently loaded native libraries only the first time
* you call them.
*
* Trying to call this function will result in a
* java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError exception !
*/
public native String unimplementedStringFromJNI();
/* this is used to load the 'hello-jni' library on application
* startup. The library has already been unpacked into
* /data/data/com.example.HelloJni/lib/libhello-jni.so at
* installation time by the package manager.
*/
static {
System.loadLibrary("hello-jni");
}
}
这里我们要注意几个point,public native String stringFromJNI(), 另一个就是static {},这个会先于Oncreat构建。调用hello-jni.so.即ndk-build 编译出的动态库。
2.1. 生成相应的.h文件。
在android工程下在工程目录下建立一个jni文件夹。然后启动cygwin console。
$ cd $NDK 指向到我们的ndk目录,
$ cd apps/hellotest 指向工程目录。
在bin目录中已经生成了HelloTest.class的前提下。我们使用 $ javah -classpath bin -d jni dogfood.test.app.HelloTest,可以在jni目录下生成一个.H 文件。打开该文件。找到 JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_dogfood_test_app_HelloTest_stringFromJNI
(JNIEnv *, jobject); 方法。具体这个方法解释,参阅GOOGLE.
2.2. 编写c++ 文件。
#include <string.h>
#include <jni.h>
/* This is a trivial JNI example where we use a native method
* to return a new VM String. See the corresponding Java source
* file located at:
*
* apps/samples/hello-jni/project/src/com/example/HelloJni/HelloJni.java
*/
jstring
Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloJni_stringFromJNI( JNIEnv* env,
jobject thiz )
{
return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello from JNI !");
}
2.3 编写Android.mk 文件。
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := hello-jni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
2.4 我们来生成.so 文件吧。
$ ../../ndk-build,在obj目录下我们找到一个libhello-jni.so的文件,这就是我们要生成的动态库。
接下,在eclips下编译可以应用这个SO 文件。