TMMI_测试过程改进框架_已定义级别6_测试生命周期和集成2

Specific Practices by Goals 特定实践

SG 1 Establish Organizational Test Process Assets

建立组织测试流程资产

A set of organizational test process assets is established and maintained. 一些列的组织测试流程资产被建立和维护

SP 1.1 Establish standard test processes 建立标准测试流程

The organization’s set of standard test processes is established and maintained. Multiple standard test processes may be needed to address the needs of different application domains, test levels, lifecycle models, methodologies, and tools. The organization’s set of standard test processes typically focuses on technical processes. However, as needed by management, administrative, support and organizational processes can also be part of the standard test process framework. The organization’s set of test processes should collectively cover all processes needed by the organization and projects, including those processes addressed at maturity level 2. Example work products 1. Organization’s set of standard test processes Sub-practices 1. Decompose each standard test process into constituent process elements to the detail needed to understand and describe the process 2. Specify the critical attributes of each process element Examples of critical elements include the following:  Process roles and responsibilities  Applicable standards  Applicable procedures, methods, and tools  Entry criteria  Inputs  Product and process measures to be collected  Verification points (e.g., reviews)  Outputs  Interfaces  Exit criteria 3. Specify the relationships of the process elements Examples of relationships include the following:  Sequence of process elements  Interfaces between the process elements  Interfaces with processes external to testing  Interdependencies among process elements 4. Ensure that the organization’s set of standard test processes adheres to organizational policies, standards, and models Adherence to applicable standards and models is typically demonstrated by developing a mapping from the organization’s set of standard test processes to the relevant standards and models. 5. Ensure the organization’s set of standard test processes satisfies the test process needs and objectives of the test organization 6. Document the organization’s set of standard test processes 7. Conduct peer reviews on the organization’s set of standard test processes 8. Revise the organization’s set of standard test processes as necessary

组织的标准测试流程被建立和维护。多个标准的测试流程被需要解决不同应用域，测试水平，生命周期模型，方法和工具的需求。组织的标准测试流程通常关注技术流程。然而，如管理者所需要的的，行政的，支持和组织流程也能成为标准测试流程框架的一部分。组织的测试流程应该正确的覆盖所有过程，组织和项目需要的过程。包括在TMMI2描述的过程。

例子工作产品：组织的标准测试流程。

子实践： 1. 分解每一个标准测试流程到理解和描述过程的具体需求。2.指定每一个流程元素的具体特征。例如：过程角色和责任，应用标准。应用过程，方法和工具。进入标准，输入，产品和流程衡量，验证点，输出，接口，出标准。3.指定过程元素的关系，例子如下：1.过程元素的顺序，过程元素的接口。测试以外的过程接口，过程元素的相互依赖。 4.保证组织的标准测试流程与组织的方针，标准一致性，模型与用于标准一致。 5.保证组织的标准流程符合测试流程需求和测试组织的目标。6.文档化组织的标准测试流程。7，执行同行评审。8.修改组织的标准测试流程。

SP 1.2 Establish test lifecycle model descriptions addressing all test levels

建立测试生命周期模型描述来跟踪所有测试等级。

Descriptions of the test lifecycle models (including supporting templates and guidelines for the test deliverables) that are approved for use in the organization are established and maintained, ensuring coverage of all identified test levels. Example work products 1. Description of test lifecycle models Sub-practices 1. Select test lifecycle models based on the needs of the projects and the organization 2. Document the descriptions of the test lifecycle models A test lifecycle model description typically includes the following:  Test strategy, e.g., test levels and their objectives  Test lifecycle phases, e.g., planning and control, test analysis and design, test implementation and execution, evaluating exit criteria and reporting, and test closure activities  Entry and exit criteria for each phase  Testing activities per phase  Responsibilities  Deliverables  Milestones 3. Develop supporting templates and guidelines for the deliverables identified within the test lifecycle models Examples of test deliverables that are supported by means of templates and guidelines typically include the following:  Master test plan  Level test plan  Test design specification  Test case specification  Test procedure specification  Test log  Incident report  Test summary report  Test evaluation report 4. Conduct peer reviews on the test lifecycle models, and supporting templates and guidelines 5. Revise the description of the test lifecycle models, and supporting templates and guidelines, as necessary

测试生命周期模型的描述被建立和维护，并且被批准在组织中使用。保证覆盖所有明确的测试等级。

例子工作产品：测试生命周期模型描述。

子实践：1. 选择测试生命周期模型，基于项目和组织的需求。 2.文档化测试生命周期模型的描述。通常包括：测试策略，测试生命周期阶段。出和入的标准。测试行为，责任，发布物，里程碑。 3. 为测试生命周期模型内的发布物开发支持模板和指南，4. 执行同行评审。修改测试生命周期模型描述。支持模板和指南。

SP 1.3 Establish tailoring criteria and guidelines 建立剪裁关键点和指南

The tailoring criteria and guidelines for the organization’s set of standard test processes are established and maintained. Example work products 1. Tailoring criteria and guidelines for the organization’s set of standard test processes Tailoring criteria and guidelines typically include the following:  How the organization’s set of standard test processes and organizational test process assets are used to create tailored defined test processes  Mandatory requirements that must be satisfied by the tailored defined processes  Options that may be exercised and criteria for selecting among the options  Procedures that must be followed in performing and documenting test process tailoring Sub-practices 1. Specify the selection criteria and procedures for tailoring the organization’s set of standard test processes Examples of tailoring actions include the following:  Modifying a test lifecycle model  Combining elements of different test lifecycle models  Modifying test process elements  Replacing test process elements  Deleting test process elements  Reordering test process elements 2. Specify the standards for documenting the tailored test processes 3. Specify the procedures for submitting and obtaining approval of waivers from requirements of the organization’s set of standard test processes 4. Document the tailoring guidelines for the organization’s set of standard test processes 5. Conduct peer reviews on the tailoring guidelines 6. Revise the tailoring guidelines as necessary

组织的标准测试流程的裁剪标准和指南被建立和维护。

例子工作产品：裁剪标准和指南。通产包含下面几项：组织的标准测试流程和组织测试流程资产如何使用来建立剪裁的已定义测试流程，符合裁剪定义流程的强制的需求，可能联系的选择和在选中项目中挑选的标准，在执行和文档化测试流程裁剪过程中必须要遵守的Iuc。

子实践：1.指定要选择的标准和过程来裁剪组织的标准测试流程。2.指定标准来文档化裁剪测试流程。3.指定过程来提交和获得放弃批准，从组织标准测试流程的需求来决定房子。 4.文档化裁剪指南。5。 执行同行评审。6.实时修改。

SP 1.4 Establish the organization’s test process database

建立组织的测试流程数据库

The organization’s test process database is established and maintained. Example work products 1. Definition of the common set of test process elements and product data for the organization’s set of standard test processes 2. Organization’s test process database repository (i.e., the repository structure and support environment) 3. Organization’s test process database Sub-practices 1. The test process database is established to collect and make data available on the test processes and resulting work products Examples of test process and work product data typically include the following:  Test estimates and actual data, e.g., on size, effort and cost  Quality measures, e.g., number of defects found by priority level  Peer review coverage  Test coverage  Reliability measures 2. The data entered into the test process database is reviewed to ensure the integrity of the database content The test process database also contains or references the actual measurement data and related information and data needed to understand and interpret the measurement data and assess it for reasonableness and applicability. 3. The test process database is managed and controlled User access to the test process database contents is controlled to ensure completeness, integrity, security and accuracy of the data.

组织的测试流程数据被建立和维护，

例子工作产品：1.通用测试流程元素和标准测试流程的产品数据定义。2.组织的测试流程数据库厂库。

子实践：1.测试流程数据库被建立来搜集和制作可用的数据，测试流程和结果的数据。包括： 测试评估和实际数据，质量衡量，同行评审覆盖率，测试覆盖率，可靠性。2. 进入测试流程数据的数据被重审来确保数据内容的一致性。3.测试过程数据库被管理和控制。

SP 1.5 Establish the organization’s test process asset library

建立组织测试流程资产库

The organization’s test process asset library is established and maintained. Example work products 1. Organization’s test process asset library 2. Catalogue of items in the organization’s test process asset library Sub-practices 1. Design and implement the organization’s test process asset library, including the library structure and support environment 2. Specify the criteria for including items in the library, e.g., primarily based on their relationship to the organization’s set of standard test processes 3. Specify the procedures for storing and retrieving items 4. Enter the selected items into the library and catalogue them for easy reference and retrieval Examples of items to be stored in the organization’s test process asset library typically include the following:  Test policy and test strategy  Defined test process descriptions  Procedures (e.g., test estimation procedure)  Templates  Best practices test process assets  Examplar test plans  Training materials  Process aids (e.g., checklists)  Lesson learned documents (e.g., test evaluation reports) 5. Make the items available for use in projects 6. Periodically review the use of each item and use the results to maintain the library contents 7. Revise the organization’s test process assets library as necessary

组织测试流程资产库被建立和维护。

例子工作产品：组织测试流程资产库， 组织测试流程资产库的类别

子实践：1.设计和执行组织的测试流程资产评估。包含类结构和支持环境。2，为库里面的内容指定标准。3.指定存储和取的过程，4.进入库里面选择项和为他们分类。5. 保证可用，5定义重审每一项的使用。

SP 1.6 Establish work environment standards

建立工作环境标准。

The work environment standards are established and maintained. Example work products 1. Work environment standards Examples of work environment standards include the following:  Procedures for operation, safety and security of the work environment  Standard workstation hardware and software  Standard application software Sub-practices 1. Evaluate commercially-available work environment standards appropriate for the organization 2. Adopt existing work environment standards and develop new ones to fill gaps based on the organization’s test process needs and objectives

工作环境标准被建立和维护

例子工作产品：1. 工作环境标准。例子，操作过程，安全过程，保密过程。标准硬件工作站和软件，标准应用软件。

子实践：1. 评估组织的商用工作环境标准。2. 调整现有工作环境标准和开发新的标准来填平测试流程需要和目标的差距。