TMMI_测试过程改进框架_已定义级别6_测试生命周期和集成1

PA 3.3 Test Lifecycle and Integration测试生命周期和集成

Purpose 目的

The purpose of Test Lifecycle and Integration is to establish and maintain a usable set of organizational test process assets (e.g., a standard test lifecycle) and work environment standards and to integrate and synchronize the test lifecycle with the development lifecycle. The integrated lifecycle ensures early involvement of testing in a project. The purpose of Test Lifecycle and Integration is also to define a coherent test approach across multiple test levels, based on the identified risks and the defined test strategy, and to provide an overall test plan, based on the defined test lifecycle.

测试生命周期和集成的目的是建立和维护一个可用的组织级别的测试流程资产和工作环境标准的集合，同时集成和同步测试生命周期和开发生命周期。集成的生命周期保证了项目中早期的测试参与。测试生命周期和集成的目的也定义了一致的跨越多个测试等级的测试方法。基于已定义的风险和定义的测试策略。提供完整的测试计划。基于已经定义的测试生命周期

Introductory Notes 简介

An important responsibility of the test organization is to define, document and maintain a standard test process, in line with the organization’s test policy and goals. Organizational test process assets enable consistent test process performance across the organization and provide a basis for cumulative, long-term benefits to the organization. The organization’s test process asset library is a collection of items maintained for use by the people and projects of the organization. The collection of items include descriptions of test processes, descriptions of test lifecycle models (including supporting templates and guidelines for the test deliverables), supporting test tools, process tailoring guidelines and a test process database. The organization’s test process asset library supports organizational learning and process improvement by sharing best practices and lessons learned across the organization.

测试组织的一个重要责任就是定义，文档化和维护标准测试流程，和组织的测试方针和目标保持一致。组织的测试流程资产保证了组织测试流程性能的一致性和提供一个递增的，长期获利组织原则。搜集的项目包括测流程描述。测试生命周期模型描述。支持的工具，流程裁剪指南和测试流程数据库。组织测试流程资产库支持组织学习和流程提升，通过分享组织级别的实践和课程。

The standard test lifecycle models define the main phases, activities and deliverables for the various test levels. The testing activities will subsequently be performed in projects according to these models. Standards and guidelines are developed for test related (work) products. The standard test lifecycle models are aligned with the development lifecycle models to integrate the testing activities in terms of phasing, milestones, deliverables, and activities. Lifecycle integration is done in such a way that early involvement of testing in projects is ensured, e.g., test planning starts during the requirements specification phase, integration and unit test planning are initiated at detailed design time. Testers will review the test basis documents to determine testability and development planning may be influenced by the test approach. The organization’s set of standard test processes can be tailored by projects to create their specific defined processes. The work environment standards are used to guide creation of project work environments.

标准测试生命周期模型定义了在不同的测试等级需要的阶段，行为和交付物。 测试行为将随后在项目中被执行根据这些模型。测试相关产品的标准和指南被开发。标准的测试生命周期模型和开发生命周期模型一致，集成测试行为到阶段，里程碑，交付物，行为。生命周期集成按照这种方式来做保证了早期测试行为的参与。比如。测试计划开始与需求说明书阶段。集成和单元测试计划被建立在详细设计阶段。测试人员将会重审测试原则说明书来决定可测试，已经可能收到测试方法影响的开发计划。组织的标准测试流程被剪裁来创建他们的特定的已定义过程。工作环境标准被使用来知道创建项目工作环境。

At TMMi level 3, test management is concerned with master test planning which addresses the coordination of testing tasks, responsibilities and test approach over multiple test levels. This prevents unnecessary redundancy or omissions of tests between the various test levels and can significantly increase the efficiency and quality of the overall test process. The information resulting from project test planning is documented in a project test plan, which governs the detailed level test plans to be written specifically for an individual test level. The master test plan describes the application of the test strategy for a particular project, including the particular levels to be carried out and the relationship between those levels. The master test plan should be consistent with the test policy and strategy, and, in specific areas where it is not, should explain those deviations and exceptions. The master test plan will complement the project plan or operations guide which describes the overall test effort as part of the larger project or operation. The master test plan provides an overall test planning and test management document for multiple levels of test (either within one project or across multiple projects). On smaller projects or operations (e.g., where only one level of testing is formalized) the master test plan and the level test plan will often be combined into one document.

在TMMI3.测试管理被主测试计划关注来促进测试工作，责任，测试方法在不同水平的协调。它阻止了在不同测试级别的不必要的裁员或者测试遗漏。能够明显的增加测试流程的有效性和质量。项目测试计划的信息被文档化到一个项目测试计划中，它管理了为具体测试水平书写的测试计划。主测试计划描述了特定项目的测试策略申请书。包含特定的级别被执行。不同级别之间的关系。主测试计划应该被包含到测试策略和战略中。应该解释这些偏离和异常。主测试计划将项目计划的补充或者执行指南（描述测试努力作为大型项目或者行动的一部分）主测试计划提供了整体的测试计划和测试管理文档。在小项目或者操作中。主测试计划和等级测试计划通常被合并到一个文档中欧冠。

Scope 范围

The process area Test Lifecycle and Integration addresses all practices to establish and maintain a usable set of organizational test process assets (e.g., a standard test lifecycle) and work environment standards, and to integrate and synchronize the test lifecycle with the development lifecycle. Test Lifecycle and Integration also addresses the master test planning practices. The master test plan at TMMi level 3 defines a coherent test approach across multiple test levels.

测试生命周期和集成过程域促进了所有的实践都建立和维护一个可用的组织测试流程资产和工作环境标准。与开发生命集成和同步测试生命周期。测试生命周期和集成也解决额主测试计划实践。TMMI3主测试计划定义了清楚的在不同等级的测试方法。

Specific Goal and Practice Summary特定实践和目的汇总

SG 1 Establish Organizational Test Process Assets 建立组织测试流程资产

SP 1.1 Establish standard test processes SP 1.2 Establish test lifecycle model descriptions addressing all test levels SP 1.3 Establish tailoring criteria and guidelines SP 1.4 Establish the organization’s test process database SP 1.5 Establish the organization’s test process asset library SP 1.6 Establish work environment standards

1. 建立标准测试流程。2. 建立测试生命周期模型，它描述了追踪的所有测试水平。3.建立裁剪标准和指南。4.建立组织的测试流程数据库。5.建立组织的测试流程资产库，6.建立工作环境标准

SG 2 Integrate the Test Lifecycle Models with the Development Models 集成测试生命周期模型到开发模型

SP 2.1 Establish integrated lifecycle models SP 2.2 Review integrated lifecycle models SP 2.3 Obtain commitments on the role of testing within the integrated lifecycle models

1.建立集成生命周期模型。2.重审集成生命周期模型，3.获得关于测试在集成生命周期中角色的承诺

SG 3 Establish a Master Test Plan 建立主测试计划

SP 3.1 Perform a product risk assessment SP 3.2 Establish the test approach SP 3.3 Establish test estimates SP 3.4 Define the organization for testing SP 3.5 Develop the master test plan SP 3.6 Obtain commitment to the master test plan

1. 执行产品风险评估。2.建立测试方法。3.建立测试评估。4.定义测试组织。 5. 开发主测试计划。6获得主测试计划。