1.服务网关Zuul介绍
服务网关是微服务架构中一个不可或缺的部分。通过服务网关统一向外系统提供REST API的过程中,除了具备服务路由、均衡负载功能之外,它还具备了权限控制等功能。Spring Cloud Netflix中的Zuul就担任了这样的一个角色,为微服务架构提供了前门保护的作用,同时将权限控制这些较重的非业务逻辑内容迁移到服务路由层面,使得服务集群主体能够具备更高的可复用性和可测试性。
2.为什么要用Zuul
本图摘自方志鹏的深入理解SpringCloud微服务书籍
3.Zuul服务网关使用的架构图示
4.实现Zuul的代码:
1.pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xueqing.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>service-zuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>service-zuul</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.xueqing.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud1</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.46</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.SpringBoot启动类开启Zuul注解
package com.xueqing.demo.servicezuul;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ServiceZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.实现FallbackProvider接口重写两个方法
package com.xueqing.demo.servicezuul;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.FallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
@Component
public class MyProvinder implements FallbackProvider {
@Override
public String getRoute() {
return "*";//api服务id,如果需要所有调用都支持回退,则return "*"或return null
}
/**
* 如果请求用户服务失败,返回什么信息给消费者客户端
*/
@Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {
return new ClientHttpResponse(){
@Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
JSONObject r = new JSONObject();
r.put("state", "9999");
r.put("msg", "系统错误,请求失败");
return new ByteArrayInputStream(r.toJSONString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
//和body中的内容编码一致,否则容易乱码
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
return headers;
}
/**
* 网关向api服务请求是失败了,但是消费者客户端向网关发起的请求是OK的,
* 不应该把api的404,500等问题抛给客户端
* 网关和api服务集群对于客户端来说是黑盒子
*/
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK;
}
@Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.value();
}
@Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK.getReasonPhrase();
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
};
}
}