WCF 简单例子

看了很多学习WCF的例子，感觉受益匪浅，但是由于每个人学习的侧重点不同，一些很详细的细节例如每一个属性都是用来干什么的，建立不同的项目类型对创建的服务有什么区别等等，都不得而知。终于，在MSDN上发现了一篇入门教程。讲解的十分基本，十分详细，想进到每一个细节，然我彻底了解入门的每一个细节，整个教程结构清晰，代码简洁，讲解细致，值得推荐。 地址： http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms734712.aspx 做这分5部来讲解创建一个最基本的基于B/S构架的WCF应用。服务是根据输入的两个数字，返回这两个数字的加减乘除运算结果。 第一步：定义WCF服务契约（创建项目，加入引用，定义Interface） 第二部：引入WCF服务契约（添加具体服务函数） 第三部：构架WCF服务，运行WCF服务（添加Uri,定义服务对象地址，运行服务） 第四部：利用工具访问服务，自动生成WCF服务代理的代码文件 第五部：配置一个简单的WCF客户端（用客户端引入服务代理，通过服务代理来访问服务） 第六部：运行程序 先建立一个解决方案。 在这个解决方案下面建立一个叫做Server的控制台应用项目，再建立一个叫做Client的控制台应用项目。 分别给每一个项目添加引用到System.ServiceModel 编辑每个项目下面的Program.cs 服务端Program.cs代码 复制内容到剪贴板 代码: 1using System; 2using System.Collections.Generic; 3using System.Text; 4using System.ServiceModel; 5 6namespace ServiceModelSamples 7{ 8 9 class Client 10 { 11 static void Main() 12 { 13 //Step 1: Create an endpoint address and an instance of the WCF Client. 14 EndpointAddress epAddress = new EndpointAddress("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service/CalculatorService"); 15 CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient(new WSHttpBinding(), epAddress); 16 17 18 // Step 2: Call the service operations. 19 // Call the Add service operation. 20 double value1 = 100.00D; 21 double value2 = 15.99D; 22 double result = client.Add(value1, value2); 23 Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result); 24 25 // Call the Subtract service operation. 26 value1 = 145.00D; 27 value2 = 76.54D; 28 result = client.Subtract(value1, value2); 29 Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result); 30 31 // Call the Multiply service operation. 32 value1 = 9.00D; 33 value2 = 81.25D; 34 result = client.Multiply(value1, value2); 35 Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result); 36 37 // Call the Divide service operation. 38 value1 = 22.00D; 39 value2 = 7.00D; 40 result = client.Divide(value1, value2); 41 Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result); 42 43 //Step 3: Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources. 44 client.Close(); 45 46 Console.WriteLine(); 47 Console.WriteLine("Press to terminate client."); 48 Console.ReadLine(); 49 50 51 } 52 } 53} 54 服务端创建好了以后，就可以试运行了。 这时候可以用微软提供的命令行工具访问这个服务，生成服务代理 app.config 和 generatedProxy.cs两个文件。 svcutil.exe /language:cs /out:generatedProxy.cs /config:app.config http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service 把这两个文件添加到客户端项目里去。 现在就可以编辑客户端代码了。 客户端Program.cs代码 复制内容到剪贴板 代码: 1using System; 2using System.ServiceModel; 3using System.ServiceModel.Description; 4 5namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples 6{ 7 // Define a service contract. 8 [ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")] 9 public interface ICalculator 10 { 11 [OperationContract] 12 double Add(double n1, double n2); 13 [OperationContract] 14 double Subtract(double n1, double n2); 15 [OperationContract] 16 double Multiply(double n1, double n2); 17 [OperationContract] 18 double Divide(double n1, double n2); 19 } 20 21 // Service class that implements the service contract. 22 // Added code to write output to the console window. 23 public class CalculatorService : ICalculator 24 { 25 public double Add(double n1, double n2) 26 { 27 double result = n1 + n2; 28 Console.WriteLine("Received Add({0},{1})", n1, n2); 29 Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result); 30 return result; 31 } 32 33 public double Subtract(double n1, double n2) 34 { 35 double result = n1 - n2; 36 Console.WriteLine("Received Subtract({0},{1})", n1, n2); 37 Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result); 38 return result; 39 } 40 41 public double Multiply(double n1, double n2) 42 { 43 double result = n1 * n2; 44 Console.WriteLine("Received Multiply({0},{1})", n1, n2); 45 Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result); 46 return result; 47 } 48 49 public double Divide(double n1, double n2) 50 { 51 double result = n1 / n2; 52 Console.WriteLine("Received Divide({0},{1})", n1, n2); 53 Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result); 54 return result; 55 } 56 } 57 58 59 class Program 60 { 61 static void Main(string[] args) 62 { 63 64 // Step 1 of the address configuration procedure: Create a URI to serve as the base address. 65 Uri baseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service"); 66 67 // Step 1 of the hosting procedure: Create ServiceHost 68 ServiceHost selfHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress); 69 try 70 { 71 72 73 // Step 3 of the hosting procedure: Add a service endpoint. 74 selfHost.AddServiceEndpoint( 75 typeof(ICalculator), 76 new WSHttpBinding(), 77 "CalculatorService"); 78 79 80 // Step 4 of the hosting procedure: Enable metadata exchange. 81 ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior(); 82 smb.HttpGetEnabled = true; 83 selfHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb); 84 85 // Step 5 of the hosting procedure: Start (and then stop) the service. 86 selfHost.Open(); 87 Console.WriteLine("The service is ready."); 88 Console.WriteLine("Press to terminate service."); 89 Console.WriteLine(); 90 Console.ReadLine(); 91 92 // Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service. 93 selfHost.Close(); 94 } 95 catch (CommunicationException ce) 96 { 97 Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred: {0}", ce.Message); 98 selfHost.Abort(); 99 } 100 } 101 } 102} 103 每一个细节都包含在上面的这两个Program.cs文件中了，你大概看一下就会懂。比大多数教材说得都清晰，特别适合像我一样爱刨根问底的初学者。 最后编译程序，试运行。（两个都是命令行程序，直接到那个编译好的目录里去找那个exe文件运行，先运行服务，再运行客户端）。