C++读写文件

ASCII码表

读取文件

ios::in//打开文件用于输入（默认）
ios::binary//以二进制模式（默认模式是文本模式）打开文件

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<vector>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	ifstream inFile("info.txt",ios::in);
	if(!inFile)
	{
		cerr << "The file can not be opened.";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	//第一种读取方式--直接读取，以空格换行
	char buff1[1024] = {0};
	while(inFile >> buff1)
	{
		cout<<buff1<<endl;
	}
	//第二种读取方式--数组方法，逐行读取，可读取空格
	//默认以换行字符为终止，但只存在于字符数组中，字符数组大小无法扩展，使用具有局限性
	char buff2[1024];
	while(inFile.getline(buff2,sizeof(buff2))
	{
		cout<<buff2<<endl;
	}
	//第三种读取方式--字符串读取，逐行读取，可读取空格，此时getline(【输入流】，【字符串】，【终止字符（可选）】）,比如getline(cin,buff3,'t');遇到t停止
	string buff3;
	while(getline(inFile,buff3))
	{
		cout<<buff3<<endl;
	}
	//第四种读取方式--逐字符读取，可读取空格，但效率较低
	char inBuf[MAXSIZE] = { 0 };
	length = 0;
	while ((inBuf[length] = inFile.get()) != EOF) {
		if (length < MAXSIZE && inBuf[length] != '\0'
			&& inBuf[length] != '\n')	// 如果非换行符和'\0'才存入缓存中
			++length;
	}
	inBuf[length] = '\0';	// 字符串封口
	char *dataStr;
	dataStr = new char[length + 1]();	// 申请动态数组并初始化
	strcpy(dataStr, inBuf);
	//第五种：读取至vector容器中
	string s;
	vector<string> v1;
	while(getline(inFIle,s))
	{
		inFile>>s;
		v1.push_back(s);
	}
	for(int i=0;i<v1.size();i++)
	{
		cout<<v1.at(i)<<endl;
	}
	
	inFile.close();
	return 0;
}

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44894692/article/details/103618356

输出文件

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	srand((unsigned int)time(0));
	ofstream outFile("data.txt", ios::out);
	if (!outFile) {
		cerr << "The file can not be opened.";
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	// 取[10, 100000]之间的数，总共有100000 - 10 + 1 = 99991个数
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
		outFile << to_string(10 + rand() % 99991) << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

参考：https://github.com/southernEast/SEU_553/blob/master/2018/2/2.cpp

输出文本的格式控制

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>//格式控制的头文件
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
	ifstream input("Date.txt", ios::in);
	if (!input) {
		cerr << "The file can not be opened." << endl;
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}			// 文件处理操作

	int day, month, year;
	const char* monthStr[] = {
		"", "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July",
		"August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
	};
	while (input >> month) {	// 一直读取直到EOF
		input.ignore();			// 忽略'/'
		input >> day;
		input.ignore();
		input >> year;
		input.ignore();

		cout << monthStr[month] << " " << setw(2)	// 注意这个要填充字符0
			<< setfill('0') << day << "," << year << endl;
	}

	input.close();

	return 0;
}

cout<<settiosflags(ios_base::left)//设置文本向左对齐，默认向右对齐
	<<setw(6)<<str//设置文本输出宽度为6
	<<resetiosflags(ios_base::left)//取消文本向左对齐的格式
	<<setw(10)<<str1<<endl;//设置文本输出宽度为10

参考：https://github.com/southernEast/SEU_553/blob/master/2017/1.cpp