java web开发中的中文显示问题

现在负责 web开发的工作，由于很多数据是中文的因此在用j2ee进行开发时老是碰到这样或者那样的问题。随着工作的深入总结了一些经验：

<!--[if !supportLists]-->一、<!--[endif]-->struts中的中文问题

1.中文数据若是放入数据库后取出使用：
   可以不作任何处理直接把数据set到表中。只是在get数据时使用数据库字符集（缺省的iso8859-1）即可：

new String(rs.getString(2).getBytes("iso8859-1"),"gbk");

注：当然可以直接更改数据库的字符集，这样就不必在做什么字符的转换工作：

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修改/etc/my.cnf文件，[注：mysql4.0]

在[client]加入default-character-set = gbk，

[mysqld]也加入default-character-set = gbk

这样只要把request的编码改成gbk即可，所有关于insert数据库的方法均可以不转码。

若mysql是4.1则：

在[client]加入default-character-set = utf8，

[mysqld]也加入default-character-set = utf8

那么要改db.url=jdbc:mysql://ip:3306/dbname?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8

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2.没有存入数据库，只是用request传递数据：
     統一將Source Code弄成UTF-8（一般就是更改workbench的properties，如：eclipse中的project properties）
     記得要對request做正確的編碼(方法很多，像是filter servlet、requestProcessor继承后的子类)
     Localization的時候，該語言要用＂當地＂的語言做編碼，這個很重要！
     在每个jsp页头都加上：<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>

3.资源文件一定要用    <native2ascii src="WEB-INF/src" dest="WEB-INF/classes" includes="**/*.properties" />。

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由于有很多web页面都是指定了charset＝gb2312还是有乱码的问题，其中可能的是IDE的编码，和网络传输中的编码问题，可以用以下办法试试：

首先eclipse的项目可以使用GBK的字符集，由于一个系统设计到字符方面的问题主要有java的io和web页面的request及页面的显示。

页面的显示中文处理上，即把charset＝gbk或gb2312。

在java的io方面就要用到以下代码：

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FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(读取文件的路径);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis,"GBK"));
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(输出文件的路径));
  String content = null;
  while((content=br.readLine())!=null){   
    System.out.println(content);
   fos.write(content.getBytes("GBK"));
  }
  br.close();
  fis.close();
  fos.close();

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在web页面的request的中文处理上即用一个filter，如下：

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/*
 * $Header: /cvsroot/apps-projs/HTML_BY_MODULE/src/cn/ipanel/apps/htmlbymodule/servlets/SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java,v 1.1 2005/07/06 17:36:44 wangyin Exp $
 * $Revision: 1.1 $
 * $Date: 2005/07/06 17:36:44 $
 *
 * ====================================================================
 *
 * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2001 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
 * reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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 *    any, must include the following acknowlegement:
 *       "This product includes software developed by the
 *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
 *    Alternately, this acknowlegement may appear in the software itself,
 *    if and wherever such third-party acknowlegements normally appear.
 *
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 *    Foundation" must not be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without prior written permission. For written
 *    permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
 *
 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache"
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 */

package packagename;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
//import javax.servlet.UnavailableException;

/**
 * <p>Example filter that sets the character encoding to be used in parsing the
 * incoming request, either unconditionally or only if the client did not
 * specify a character encoding.  Configuration of this filter is based on
 * the following initialization parameters:</p>
 * <ul>
 * <li><strong>encoding</strong> - The character encoding to be configured
 *     for this request, either conditionally or unconditionally based on
 *     the <code>ignore</code> initialization parameter.  This parameter
 *     is required, so there is no default.</li>
 * <li><strong>ignore</strong> - If set to "true", any character encoding
 *     specified by the client is ignored, and the value returned by the
 *     <code>selectEncoding()</code> method is set.  If set to "false,
 *     <code>selectEncoding()</code> is called <strong>only</strong> if the
 *     client has not already specified an encoding.  By default, this
 *     parameter is set to "true".</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Although this filter can be used unchanged, it is also easy to
 * subclass it and make the <code>selectEncoding()</code> method more
 * intelligent about what encoding to choose, based on characteristics of
 * the incoming request (such as the values of the <code>Accept-Language</code>
 * and <code>User-Agent</code> headers, or a value stashed in the current
 * user's session.</p>
 *
 * @author Craig McClanahan
 * @version $Revision: 1.1 $ $Date: 2005/07/06 17:36:44 $
 */

public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {

    // ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables

    /**
     * The default character encoding to set for requests that pass through
     * this filter.
     */
    protected String encoding = null;

    /**
     * The filter configuration object we are associated with.  If this value
     * is null, this filter instance is not currently configured.
     */
    protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;

    /**
     * Should a character encoding specified by the client be ignored?
     */
    protected boolean ignore = true;

    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods

    /**
     * Take this filter out of service.
     */
    public void destroy() {

        this.encoding = null;
        this.filterConfig = null;

    }

    /**
     * Select and set (if specified) the character encoding to be used to
     * interpret request parameters for this request.
     *
     * @param request The servlet request we are processing
     * @param result The servlet response we are creating
     * @param chain The filter chain we are processing
     *
     * @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
     * @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs
     */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
                         FilterChain chain)
 throws IOException, ServletException {

        // Conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used
        if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) {
            String encodingtmp = selectEncoding(request);
            if (encodingtmp != null)
                request.setCharacterEncoding(encodingtmp);
        }

 // Pass control on to the next filter
        chain.doFilter(request, response);

    }

    /**
     * Place this filter into service.
     *
     * @param filterConfig The filter configuration object
     */
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

 this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
        this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
        String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore");
        if (value == null)
            this.ignore = true;
        else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true"))
            this.ignore = true;
        else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes"))
            this.ignore = true;
        else
            this.ignore = false;

    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods

    /**
     * Select an appropriate character encoding to be used, based on the
     * characteristics of the current request and/or filter initialization
     * parameters.  If no character encoding should be set, return
     * <code>null</code>.
     * <p>
     * The default implementation unconditionally returns the value configured
     * by the <strong>encoding</strong> initialization parameter for this
     * filter.
     *
     * @param request The servlet request we are processing
     */
    protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) {
        return (this.encoding);

    }

}
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在web.xml写上

    <filter>
        <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>packagename.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>GBK</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
     <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
     <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
     <filter-mapping>
     <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
     <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
 <filter-mapping>
     <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
     <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

有的时候加了filter也没有用，为什么呢？原来有的request是直接使用这种形式“****.jsp?name=姓名”这样的话就可以把tomcat中的URIEncoding=GBK加上。

这样一个软件系统在诸多涉及到处理中文方面都可以搞定。enjoy yourself！
一个从一个mysql数据库导出数据再导入另一个数据库的方法

使用以下形式的命令：
mysqldump --default-character-set=gbk appsdb > o.sql
这样就生成了o.sql语句，然后可以使用该语句把数据导入到其他的数据库中！

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