art dex2oat

  // Check early that the result of compilation can be written
  // 创建oat文件
  std::unique_ptr<File> oat_file;
  bool create_file = !oat_unstripped.empty();  // as opposed to using open file descriptor
  if (create_file) {
    oat_file.reset(OS::CreateEmptyFile(oat_unstripped.c_str()));
    if (oat_location.empty()) {
      oat_location = oat_filename;
    }
  } else {
    oat_file.reset(new File(oat_fd, oat_location));
    oat_file->DisableAutoClose();
  }
  if (oat_file.get() == nullptr) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file: " << oat_location;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
  if (create_file && fchmod(oat_file->Fd(), 0644) != 0) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make oat file world readable: " << oat_location;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }


  timings.StartSplit("dex2oat Setup");
  LOG(INFO) << CommandLine();


  Runtime::Options runtime_options;
  std::vector<const DexFile*> boot_class_path;
  if (boot_image_option.empty()) {
    size_t failure_count = OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames, dex_locations, boot_class_path);
    if (failure_count > 0) {
      LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open some dex files: " << failure_count;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair("bootclasspath", &boot_class_path));
  } else {
    runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair(boot_image_option.c_str(), nullptr));
  }
  for (size_t i = 0; i < runtime_args.size(); i++) {
    runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair(runtime_args[i], nullptr));
  }


  VerificationResults verification_results(&compiler_options);
  DexFileToMethodInlinerMap method_inliner_map;
  CompilerCallbacksImpl callbacks(&verification_results, &method_inliner_map);
  runtime_options.push_back(std::make_pair("compilercallbacks", &callbacks));
  runtime_options.push_back(
      std::make_pair("imageinstructionset",
                     reinterpret_cast<const void*>(GetInstructionSetString(instruction_set))));


  Dex2Oat* p_dex2oat;
  if (!Dex2Oat::Create(&p_dex2oat,
                       runtime_options,
                       compiler_options,
                       compiler_kind,
                       instruction_set,
                       instruction_set_features,
                       &verification_results,
                       &method_inliner_map,
                       thread_count)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create dex2oat";
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }
  std::unique_ptr<Dex2Oat> dex2oat(p_dex2oat);


  // TODO: Not sure whether it's a good idea to allow anything else but the runtime option in
  // this case at all, as we'll have to throw away produced code for a mismatch.
  // 参数判断
  if (!has_explicit_checks_options) {
    if (instruction_set == kRuntimeISA) {
      Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
      compiler_options.SetExplicitNullChecks(runtime->ExplicitNullChecks());
      compiler_options.SetExplicitStackOverflowChecks(runtime->ExplicitStackOverflowChecks());
      compiler_options.SetExplicitSuspendChecks(runtime->ExplicitSuspendChecks());
    }
  }


  // Runtime::Create acquired the mutator_lock_ that is normally given away when we Runtime::Start,
  // give it away now so that we don't starve GC.
  // 线程悬挂，因此不触发GC
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  self->TransitionFromRunnableToSuspended(kNative);
  // If we're doing the image, override the compiler filter to force full compilation. Must be
  // done ahead of WellKnownClasses::Init that causes verification.  Note: doesn't force
  // compilation of class initializers.
  // Whilst we're in native take the opportunity to initialize well known classes.
  // init 常用类
  WellKnownClasses::Init(self->GetJniEnv());


  // If --image-classes was specified, calculate the full list of classes to include in the image
  // 编译目标
  std::unique_ptr<CompilerDriver::DescriptorSet> image_classes(nullptr);
  if (image_classes_filename != nullptr) {
    std::string error_msg;
    if (image_classes_zip_filename != nullptr) {
      image_classes.reset(dex2oat->ReadImageClassesFromZip(image_classes_zip_filename,
                                                           image_classes_filename,
                                                           &error_msg));
    } else {
    //如果classes filename不为空
    //将class文件编译进image
      image_classes.reset(dex2oat->ReadImageClassesFromFile(image_classes_filename));
    }
    if (image_classes.get() == nullptr) {
      LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create list of image classes from '" << image_classes_filename <<
          "': " << error_msg;
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
  } else if (image) {
    image_classes.reset(new CompilerDriver::DescriptorSet);
  }


  std::vector<const DexFile*> dex_files;
  if (boot_image_option.empty()) {
    dex_files = Runtime::Current()->GetClassLinker()->GetBootClassPath();
  } else {
  // image初始化的option
  // 读取dexfile
    if (dex_filenames.empty()) {
      ATRACE_BEGIN("Opening zip archive from file descriptor");
      std::string error_msg;
      std::unique_ptr<ZipArchive> zip_archive(ZipArchive::OpenFromFd(zip_fd, zip_location.c_str(),
                                                               &error_msg));
      if (zip_archive.get() == nullptr) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open zip from file descriptor for '" << zip_location << "': "
            << error_msg;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      const DexFile* dex_file = DexFile::Open(*zip_archive.get(), zip_location, &error_msg);
      if (dex_file == nullptr) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open dex from file descriptor for zip file '" << zip_location
            << "': " << error_msg;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
      dex_files.push_back(dex_file);
      ATRACE_END();
    } else {
      size_t failure_count = OpenDexFiles(dex_filenames, dex_locations, dex_files);
      if (failure_count > 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open some dex files: " << failure_count;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
    }


//dex file保存
    const bool kSaveDexInput = false;
    if (kSaveDexInput) {
      for (size_t i = 0; i < dex_files.size(); ++i) {
        const DexFile* dex_file = dex_files[i];
        std::string tmp_file_name(StringPrintf("/data/local/tmp/dex2oat.%d.%zd.dex", getpid(), i));
        std::unique_ptr<File> tmp_file(OS::CreateEmptyFile(tmp_file_name.c_str()));
        if (tmp_file.get() == nullptr) {
            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open file " << tmp_file_name
                        << ". Try: adb shell chmod 777 /data/local/tmp";
            continue;
        }
        tmp_file->WriteFully(dex_file->Begin(), dex_file->Size());
        LOG(INFO) << "Wrote input to " << tmp_file_name;
      }
    }
  }
  // Ensure opened dex files are writable for dex-to-dex transformations.
  for (const auto& dex_file : dex_files) {
    if (!dex_file->EnableWrite()) {
      PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make .dex file writeable '" << dex_file->GetLocation() << "'\n";
    }
  }


  /*
   * If we're not in interpret-only or verify-none mode, go ahead and compile small applications.
   * Don't bother to check if we're doing the image.
   */
  if (!image && compiler_options.IsCompilationEnabled()) {
    size_t num_methods = 0;
    for (size_t i = 0; i != dex_files.size(); ++i) {
      const DexFile* dex_file = dex_files[i];
      CHECK(dex_file != nullptr);
      num_methods += dex_file->NumMethodIds();
    }
//如果dex中方法少的话，编译选项改为speed
    if (num_methods <= compiler_options.GetNumDexMethodsThreshold()) {
      compiler_options.SetCompilerFilter(CompilerOptions::kSpeed);
      VLOG(compiler) << "Below method threshold, compiling anyways";
    }
  }


  //创建oat文件
  std::unique_ptr<const CompilerDriver> compiler(dex2oat->CreateOatFile(boot_image_option,
                                                                  android_root,
                                                                  is_host,
                                                                  dex_files,
                                                                  oat_file.get(),
                                                                  bitcode_filename,
                                                                  image,
                                                                  image_classes,
                                                                  dump_stats,
                                                                  dump_passes,
                                                                  timings,
                                                                  compiler_phases_timings,
                                                                  profile_file));


  if (compiler.get() == nullptr) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create oat file: " << oat_location;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }


  VLOG(compiler) << "Oat file written successfully (unstripped): " << oat_location;


  // Notes on the interleaving of creating the image and oat file to
  // ensure the references between the two are correct.
  //
  // Currently we have a memory layout that looks something like this:
  //
  // +--------------+
  // | image        |
  // +--------------+
  // | boot oat     |
  // +--------------+
  // | alloc spaces |
  // +--------------+
  //
  // There are several constraints on the loading of the image and boot.oat.
  //
  // 1. The image is expected to be loaded at an absolute address and
  // contains Objects with absolute pointers within the image.
  //
  // 2. There are absolute pointers from Methods in the image to their
  // code in the oat.
  //
  // 3. There are absolute pointers from the code in the oat to Methods
  // in the image.
  //
  // 4. There are absolute pointers from code in the oat to other code
  // in the oat.
  //
  // To get this all correct, we go through several steps.
  //
  // 1. We have already created that oat file above with
  // CreateOatFile. Originally this was just our own proprietary file
  // but now it is contained within an ELF dynamic object (aka an .so
  // file). The Compiler returned by CreateOatFile provides
  // PatchInformation for references to oat code and Methods that need
  // to be update once we know where the oat file will be located
  // after the image.
  //
  // 2. We create the image file. It needs to know where the oat file
  // will be loaded after itself. Originally when oat file was simply
  // memory mapped so we could predict where its contents were based
  // on the file size. Now that it is an ELF file, we need to inspect
  // the ELF file to understand the in memory segment layout including
  // where the oat header is located within. ImageWriter's
  // PatchOatCodeAndMethods uses the PatchInformation from the
  // Compiler to touch up absolute references in the oat file.
  //
  // 3. We fixup the ELF program headers so that dlopen will try to
  // load the .so at the desired location at runtime by offsetting the
  // Elf32_Phdr.p_vaddr values by the desired base address.
  //
  if (image) {
    timings.NewSplit("dex2oat ImageWriter");
//创建image
    bool image_creation_success = dex2oat->CreateImageFile(image_filename,
                                                           image_base,
                                                           oat_unstripped,
                                                           oat_location,
                                                           *compiler.get());
    if (!image_creation_success) {
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    VLOG(compiler) << "Image written successfully: " << image_filename;
  }


  if (is_host) {
    if (dump_timing || (dump_slow_timing && timings.GetTotalNs() > MsToNs(1000))) {
      LOG(INFO) << Dumpable<TimingLogger>(timings);
    }
    if (dump_passes) {
      LOG(INFO) << Dumpable<CumulativeLogger>(*compiler.get()->GetTimingsLogger());
    }
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
  }


  // If we don't want to strip in place, copy from unstripped location to stripped location.
  // We need to strip after image creation because FixupElf needs to use .strtab.
  if (oat_unstripped != oat_stripped) {
    timings.NewSplit("dex2oat OatFile copy");
    oat_file.reset();
     std::unique_ptr<File> in(OS::OpenFileForReading(oat_unstripped.c_str()));
    std::unique_ptr<File> out(OS::CreateEmptyFile(oat_stripped.c_str()));
    size_t buffer_size = 8192;
    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t> buffer(new uint8_t[buffer_size]);
    while (true) {
      int bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(in->Fd(), buffer.get(), buffer_size));
      if (bytes_read <= 0) {
        break;
      }
      bool write_ok = out->WriteFully(buffer.get(), bytes_read);
      CHECK(write_ok);
    }
    oat_file.reset(out.release());
    VLOG(compiler) << "Oat file copied successfully (stripped): " << oat_stripped;